Pop Tudor Lucian, Burlea Marin, Falup-Pecurariu Oana, Borzan Cristina, Gabor-Harosa Florina, Herdea Valeria, Pop Claudia Felicia, Rajka Daniela, Ognean Maria Livia, Căinap Simona Sorana
2 Pediatric Clinic, Mother and Child Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Haţieganu Cluj-Napoca, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Romanian Society of Social Pediatrics.
St. Mary Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Iasi, Romania; Romanian Society of Pediatrics.
Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020 Sep 1;55(Suppl 1):69-84. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.77775. eCollection 2020.
Until 1989, Romania was one of the countries of the communist bloc in Europe and its healthcare system was characterized by centralized planning and severe underfunding, with low performance and low quality healthcare. Since 1998, Romania replaced the Semashko model with a social health insurance system, highly centralized under the management of the Ministry of Health as the central administrative authority. After joining the European Union, quality of life increased in our country and there were efforts to improve the quality of healthcare, including pediatric and neonatal care. Still, Romania has the lowest share of health expenditure of gross domestic product among the European Union Member States and the lowest level of expenditure per inhabitant. The Romanian health system is organized on three levels of assistance: primary, secondary and tertiary assistance. This overview presents the organization and the characteristics of pediatric and neonatal healthcare in Romania at all levels, the infrastructure and the human resources, the educational system from medical school to pediatric residency, professional organizations, national health programs, and the child health status in Romania. Infant mortality, the most descriptive single indicator of the quality of a health system, decreased constantly for the last 30 years in Romania, but is still the highest in the European Union. Even though there were great improvements in the healthcare for children, more efforts should be made to assure a better quality of care for the future of our nation, both on the human resources (in great danger due to the brain-drain of medical professionals during the last 12 years), and on the infrastructure plan.
直到1989年，罗马尼亚都是欧洲共产主义集团国家之一，其医疗体系的特点是集中规划且资金严重不足，医疗服务表现不佳、质量低下。自1998年以来，罗马尼亚用社会医疗保险体系取代了谢马什科模式，该体系在作为中央行政机构的卫生部管理下高度集中。加入欧盟后，我国的生活质量有所提高，并且为提高医疗质量做出了努力，包括儿科和新生儿护理方面。尽管如此，罗马尼亚在欧盟成员国中卫生支出占国内生产总值的比例最低，人均支出水平也最低。罗马尼亚的医疗体系按三个援助级别组织：初级、中级和高级援助。本概述介绍了罗马尼亚各级儿科和新生儿医疗保健的组织和特点、基础设施和人力资源、从医学院到儿科住院医师阶段的教育体系、专业组织、国家卫生计划以及罗马尼亚的儿童健康状况。婴儿死亡率是衡量卫生系统质量最具代表性的单一指标，在过去30年里罗马尼亚的婴儿死亡率持续下降，但仍是欧盟中最高的。尽管儿童医疗保健有了很大改善，但为了国家的未来，在人力资源方面（由于过去12年医疗专业人员的人才外流，面临巨大危险）和基础设施规划方面仍应做出更多努力，以确保提供更高质量的医疗服务。
