Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, 13736, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(5):5332-5346. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10840-x. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Diazinon (DZN), a common organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), has hazardous effect to human and animals with its ubiquitous use. Considering the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the OPIs toxicity, the present study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative properties of basil (BO) and sesame (SO) seed oils against the toxic effect of DZN. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 rats/group); control, DZN (10 mg/kg b.w/day), DZN + BO (5 ml/kg b.w/day), and DZN + SO (8 ml/kg b.w/day) groups, treated for a period of 4 weeks. DZN-exposed animals showed significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) with a significant decline in testosterone level compared with control. On the other hand, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant decreases in ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr with a significant increase in testosterone level when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative/antioxidant indices revealed significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with significant decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and catalase (CAT) activities among DZN-treated rats compared with control. Distinctly lower levels of MDA and increased activities of SOD, Gpx, and CAT were evident in both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Inflammatory and immuno-modulatory markers assessment showed a significant increase in TNF-α with a significant decline in IL-10 level in DZN group; meanwhile, both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant declines in levels of TNF-α with significant increases in IL-10. Corresponds immunohistochemistry, the total scores (TS) of TNF-α immunostainings in hepatorenal, testicular, and epididymal tissues of control, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups were significantly lower than those values of DZN group. Additionally, the examined tissues of DZN + BO group revealed significant lower TS of TNF-α immunostaining compared with DZN + SO group. The overall data suggested that both BO and SO can be efficiently used as preventive herbal compounds against DZN-induced oxidative stress with special reference to their possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free radical activities. However, BO has more potent protective effect against DZN-induced tissue injury at both immunohistochemical and molecular levels.
二嗪农（DZN）是一种常见的有机磷杀虫剂（OPI），由于其广泛使用，对人类和动物具有潜在的危害。考虑到活性氧（ROS）在 OPI 毒性中的作用，本研究旨在评估罗勒（BO）和芝麻（SO）籽油对 DZN 毒性的改善特性。
将 40 只成年雄性白化大鼠分为四组（每组 10 只大鼠）；对照组、DZN（10mg/kg b.w/day）、DZN+BO（5ml/kg b.w/day）和 DZN+SO（8ml/kg b.w/day）组，治疗 4 周。与对照组相比，DZN 暴露的动物血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）显著升高，睾酮水平显著下降。另一方面，与 DZN 暴露的动物相比，DZN+BO 和 DZN+SO 组的 ALT、AST、BUN 和 Cr 显著降低，而睾酮水平显著升高。
氧化/抗氧化指标显示，与对照组相比，DZN 处理的大鼠丙二醛（MDA）水平显著升高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Gpx）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著降低。与 DZN 暴露的动物相比，DZN+BO 和 DZN+SO 组 MDA 水平明显降低，SOD、Gpx 和 CAT 活性明显升高。
炎症和免疫调节标志物评估显示，DZN 组 TNF-α 水平显著升高，IL-10 水平显著降低；同时，DZN+BO 和 DZN+SO 组 TNF-α 水平显著降低，IL-10 水平显著升高。免疫组织化学结果表明，对照组、DZN+BO 和 DZN+SO 组肝、肾、睾丸和附睾组织 TNF-α 免疫染色的总评分（TS）明显低于 DZN 组。此外，DZN+BO 组的检查组织 TNF-α 免疫染色的 TS 明显低于 DZN+SO 组。
总的来说，数据表明，罗勒和芝麻都可以作为预防 DZN 诱导的氧化应激的有效草药化合物，特别是它们可能的抗氧化、抗炎和自由基活性。然而，与 DZN+SO 组相比，BO 在免疫组织化学和分子水平上对 DZN 诱导的组织损伤具有更强的保护作用。
