Glucose Uptake-Stimulating Galloyl Ester Triterpenoids from .

Using molecular networking-guided isolation, three new galloyl ester triterpenoids (-), two new hexahydroxydiphenic acid-conjugated triterpenoids ( and ), and four known compounds (, , , and ) were isolated from the fruits and leaves of . The chemical structures of -, , and were elucidated on the basis of interpreting their NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD spectra. All compounds (-) were evaluated for their glucose uptake-stimulating activities in differentiated adipocytes using 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose as a fluorescent-tagged glucose probe. Compounds and resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in glucose uptake. Among them, compound from the fruits showed an upregulation of p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts to support the mechanism proposed of glucose uptake stimulation.