Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil.
Instituto Mauro Borges de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos, Goiânia, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2020 Sep 18;36(9):e00185020. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00185020. eCollection 2020.
Social distancing measures have been widely adopted to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the timing of measures' implementation, scope, and duration in relation to their impact. The study aimed to describe the social distancing measures implemented by Brazil's states and the Federal District, including the types of measures and the timing of their implementation. This is a descriptive study of the measures' type, chronological and epidemiological timing of the implementation, and scope. The survey of measures used searches in official websites of the government departments and each state's Government Register. The official number of COVID-19 cases and deaths were obtained from an official a data platform. We considered the following categories of social distancing measures: suspension of events, school closure, quarantine of risk groups, economic lockdown (partial or full), restrictions on transportation, and quarantine of the population. The implementation's timing considered both the chronological date and the epidemiological timing, based on the time since the 10th case or 1st death from COVID-19 in each state. All the states implemented distancing measures, mostly during the latter half of March 2020. Economic lockdown was implemented early, prior to the 10th case by 67% of the states and prior to the 1st death from COVID-19 by 89% of the states. Early social distancing measures were widely implemented in Brazil, before or in the initial phase of the exponential growth curve of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the great majority of states.
社交距离措施已被广泛采用，以减轻 COVID-19 大流行的影响。然而，关于这些措施的实施时间、范围和持续时间与它们的影响之间的关系，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在描述巴西各州和联邦区实施的社交距离措施，包括措施的类型和实施的时间。这是一项关于措施类型、实施的时间顺序和流行病学时间以及范围的描述性研究。措施的调查使用了政府部门官方网站和每个州政府登记处的搜索。COVID-19 病例和死亡的官方数字是从一个官方数据平台获得的。我们考虑了以下几类社交距离措施：活动暂停、学校关闭、风险群体隔离、经济封锁（部分或全部）、交通限制和人口隔离。实施的时间考虑了时间顺序和流行病学时间，基于每个州第 10 例或第 1 例 COVID-19 死亡病例出现的时间。所有州都实施了隔离措施，大多数是在 2020 年 3 月下旬。经济封锁实施得较早，有 67%的州在第 10 例病例之前实施，有 89%的州在第 1 例 COVID-19 死亡病例之前实施。巴西在 COVID-19 病例和死亡的指数增长曲线的绝大多数州中，在早期就广泛实施了社交距离措施，无论是在之前还是在初始阶段。
