Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina 1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(5):5455-5471. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10822-z. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
It is well known that road transport emits various trace elements into the environment, which are deposited in soils in the vicinity of roads, so-called roadside soils, and thus contributes to the deterioration of their chemical state. The aim of this work was to determine concentrations of some metals and metalloids (arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) in soils from crossroads with traffic signals, which are characterized by deceleration of vehicles and increased emissions of elements related mainly to brake and tyre wear. The results confirmed a moderate enrichment of soils with Cu, Pb, and Zn (enrichment factor (EF) values > 2) and significant enrichment for Sb (EF > 5), while the other elements showed no or minimal enrichment. The age of crossroads proved to have a positive influence on the accumulation of some elements in soils with the largest differences for Cu, Fe, Pb, Sb, and Zn (p < 0.001). Traffic volumes expressed as the average daily traffic intensity (ADTI) also positively influenced soil concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn, while distance to the crossroad had a significant negative effect on the soil concentration of Cu, Sb, and Zn (p < 0.001). The stable isotopic ratios of Pb, Pb/Pb and Pb/Pb, ranging from 1.1414 to 1.2046 and from 2.0375 to 2.1246, respectively, pointed to the mixed natural-anthropic origin of Pb in the soils of crossroads with a visible contribution of traffic-related sources. Based on the above findings combined with covariance among the studied elements using statistical methods applied to compositionally transformed data, it was possible to show that Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn clearly originated from road traffic.
众所周知，道路交通会向环境中排放各种微量元素，这些元素沉积在道路附近的土壤中，即所谓的路边土壤中，从而导致其化学状态恶化。本工作的目的是测定具有交通信号灯的十字路口土壤中某些金属和类金属（砷（As）、钴（Co）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、锑（Sb）、钒（V）和锌（Zn））的浓度，这些土壤的特点是车辆减速，与刹车和轮胎磨损有关的元素排放增加。结果证实，土壤中 Cu、Pb 和 Zn 明显富集（富集因子（EF）值>2），Sb 显著富集（EF>5），而其他元素没有或只有最小程度的富集。十字路口的年代对土壤中某些元素的积累有积极影响，Cu、Fe、Pb、Sb 和 Zn 的差异最大（p<0.001）。以平均日交通强度（ADTI）表示的交通量也对 Cr、Cu、Pb、Sb 和 Zn 的土壤浓度有正向影响，而距十字路口的距离对 Cu、Sb 和 Zn 的土壤浓度有显著负向影响（p<0.001）。Pb 的稳定同位素比值 Pb/Pb 和 Pb/Pb，范围分别为 1.1414 至 1.2046 和 2.0375 至 2.1246，表明 Pb 具有混合的自然和人为来源，交通相关源的贡献明显。基于上述发现，并结合应用于成分转化数据的统计方法对研究元素进行协方差分析，可以表明 Cu、Pb、Sb 和 Zn 明显源自道路交通。
