猫的输入与寄生虫传播风险：来自加勒比地区的观点和圣基茨案例研究。
Importation of cats and risk of parasite spread: a Caribbean perspective and case study from St Kitts.
机构信息
Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis.
Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Sep 23;13(1):488. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04365-y.
BACKGROUND
In more recent years, international travel with cats has increased. The distribution of cat parasites can change with this movement. Already, subtropical and tropical parasites have been reported by veterinarians in areas where they are not naturally present. Understanding the prevalence of tropical and subtropical parasites in Caribbean islands and the risk of importation to temperate areas could enable improved prevention recommendations and border control import requirements.
METHODS
We present a study focused on cat owning students enrolled in a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) programme on St Kitts. Owners were interviewed about their cats and their use of parasiticides. Cats were examined for Trichuris felis and Platynosomum fastosum using sugar flotation, Lynxacarus radovskyi using an adhesive tape test, and Dirofilaria immitis using commercial antigen and antibody tests.
RESULTS
Data on 115 cats owned by 87 DVM students were collected and 90 cats, all expected to travel to the USA, were examined. Most of the cats were adults and born in St Kitts. Prevalence was reported as 6.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-15.1%) for T. felis, 16.2% (95% CI: 8.7-26.6%) for P. fastosum and 6.8% (95% CI: 2.5-14.3%) for L. radovskyi. All D. immitis tests were negative. DVM students reported a high level of deworming (83.3% of the cats), but the number of cats treated per recommendations were low (56.1% for endoparasites and 70.8% for ectoparasites). Also, there was a lack of clarity regarding the purpose of the treatments used and treatments did not appear to be targeted for the parasites present.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate a low prevalence of the parasites of interest in the DVM student cat population compared to other prevalence studies from the Caribbean. However, a degree of non-compliance with parasiticide uses and the high number of cats traveling to the USA indicate a medium risk of importation of tropical and subtropical cat parasites to temperate areas. We recommend stronger health inspections and health screening requirements at the borders including the development of specific parasiticide protocols for cat importation.
背景
近年来，随着国际旅行的增加，带猫出行的情况也越来越多。寄生虫的分布可能会随着这种迁徙而改变。兽医已经在原本没有这些寄生虫的地区报告了亚热带和热带寄生虫的存在。了解加勒比岛屿上热带和亚热带寄生虫的流行情况以及它们被引入温带地区的风险，有助于改善预防建议和边境控制的进口要求。
方法
我们报告了一项在圣基茨岛的兽医博士（DVM）课程学生中进行的猫主人研究。通过问卷调查了解主人及其猫的情况，以及他们使用驱虫药的情况。使用蔗糖漂浮法检查猫是否感染了鞭虫（Trichuris felis）和后睾吸虫（Platynosomum fastosum），使用胶带法检查猫是否感染了莱姆疏螺旋体（Lynxacarus radovskyi），使用商业抗原和抗体检测法检查猫是否感染了犬恶丝虫（Dirofilaria immitis）。
结果
共收集了 87 名 DVM 学生拥有的 115 只猫的数据，其中 90 只预计前往美国的猫接受了检查。大多数猫是成年猫，出生在圣基茨岛。鞭虫的感染率为 6.8%（95%置信区间（CI）：2.2-15.1%），后睾吸虫的感染率为 16.2%（95% CI：8.7-26.6%），莱姆疏螺旋体的感染率为 6.8%（95% CI：2.5-14.3%）。所有犬恶丝虫检测均为阴性。DVM 学生报告了高水平的驱虫（83.3%的猫），但根据建议进行驱虫的猫数量较少（内寄生虫为 56.1%，外寄生虫为 70.8%）。此外，驱虫药的使用目的并不明确，而且似乎没有针对当地存在的寄生虫进行驱虫。
结论
与加勒比地区其他寄生虫流行情况的研究相比，我们的研究结果表明，在 DVM 学生的猫群中，感兴趣的寄生虫的流行率较低。然而，驱虫药使用情况存在一定程度的不规范，且大量猫前往美国，表明热带和亚热带猫寄生虫传入温带地区的风险中等。我们建议在边境加强健康检查和健康筛查要求，包括制定猫进口的特定驱虫药方案。
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