Fooks Anthony R, Johnson Nicholas
Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey,
Department of Clinical Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2014 Dec 18;6:17-25. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S62059. eCollection 2015.
Ownership of companion animals or pets is popular throughout the world. Unfortunately, such animals are susceptible to and potential reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Close proximity to and contact with pets can lead to human infections. The distribution of zoonotic diseases associated with companion animals such as dogs and cats is not uniform around the world, and moving animals between regions, countries, and continents carries with it the risk of relocating the pathogens they might harbor. Critical among these zoonotic diseases are rabies, echinococcosis, and leishmania. In addition, the protozoan parasites, and , are also significant agents for human disease of pet origin. Considerable effort is applied to controlling movements of companion animals, particularly dogs, into the European Union. However, free movement of people and their pets within the European Union is a risk factor for the translocation of diseases and their vectors. This review considers the current distribution of some of these diseases, the risks associated with pet travel, and the controls implemented within Europe to prevent the free movement of zoonotic pathogens.
伴侣动物或宠物的饲养在全球都很普遍。不幸的是，这类动物易感染人畜共患病病原体，且可能成为病原体的宿主。与宠物的密切接触会导致人类感染。与狗和猫等伴侣动物相关的人畜共患病在世界各地的分布并不均匀，动物在不同地区、国家和各大洲之间移动会带来其所携带病原体随之传播的风险。这些人畜共患病中关键的有狂犬病、棘球蚴病和利什曼病。此外，原生动物寄生虫 和 也是引起宠物源性人类疾病的重要病原体。人们付出了相当大的努力来控制伴侣动物，尤其是狗进入欧盟。然而，人员及其宠物在欧盟内部的自由流动是疾病及其传播媒介扩散的一个风险因素。本综述探讨了其中一些疾病的当前分布情况、与宠物旅行相关的风险，以及欧洲为防止人畜共患病原体自由传播而实施的管控措施。
