Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
J Neurosci. 2020 Sep 23;40(39):7379-7386. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1109-20.2020.
In the mid-19th century, a misconception was born, which understandably persists in the minds of many neuroscientists today. The eminent scientist Albert von Kölliker named a tubular-shaped piece of tissue found in the brains of all mammals studied to date, the tuberculum olfactorium - or what is commonly known as the olfactory tubercle (OT). In doing this, Kölliker ascribed "olfactory" functions and an "olfactory" purpose to the OT. The OT has since been classified as one of several olfactory cortices. However, further investigations of OT functions, especially over the last decade, have provided evidence for roles of the OT beyond olfaction, including in learning, motivated behaviors, and even seeking of psychoactive drugs. Indeed, research to date suggests caution in assigning the OT with a purely olfactory role. Here, I build on previous research to synthesize a model wherein the OT, which may be more appropriately termed the "tubular striatum" (TuS), is a neural system in which sensory information derived from an organism's experiences is integrated with information about its motivational states to guide affective and behavioral responses.
在 19 世纪中叶，一个误解诞生了，而今天，许多神经科学家仍然对此深信不疑。杰出的科学家阿尔伯特·冯·科利克（Albert von Kölliker）将迄今为止在所有研究过的哺乳动物的大脑中发现的管状组织命名为嗅结节（tuberculum olfactorium）——通常被称为嗅球（olfactory tubercle，OT）。这样一来，科利克就赋予了 OT 嗅觉功能和嗅觉目的。自那以后，OT 被归类为几个嗅觉皮质之一。然而，对 OT 功能的进一步研究，特别是在过去十年中，提供了证据表明 OT 的功能超越了嗅觉，包括在学习、动机行为，甚至是寻求精神活性药物方面。事实上，迄今为止的研究表明，在将 OT 分配纯粹的嗅觉作用时应谨慎行事。在这里，我在前人的研究基础上进行了综合，提出了一个模型，其中 OT（可能更恰当地称为“管状纹状体”（TuS））是一个神经系统，其中来自生物体经验的感官信息与关于其动机状态的信息相结合，以指导情感和行为反应。
