Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA.
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Small GTPases. 2021 Sep-Nov;12(5-6):458-469. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1822721. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
While Rho-signalling controlling vascular contraction is a canonical mechanism, with the modern approaches used in research, we are advancing our understanding and details into this pathway are often uncovered. RhoA-mediated Rho-kinase is the major regulator of vascular smooth muscle cells and a key player manoeuvring other functions in these cells. The discovery of new interactions, such as oxidative stress and hydrogen sulphide with Rho signalling are emerging addition not only in the physiology of the smooth muscle, but especially in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Likewise, the interplay between ageing and Rho-kinase in the vasculature has been recently considered. Importantly, in smooth muscle contraction, this pathway may also be affected by sex hormones, and consequently, sex-differences. This review provides an overview of Rho signalling mediating vascular contraction and focuses on recent topics discussed in the literature affecting this pathway such as ageing, sex differences and oxidative stress.
虽然 Rho 信号控制血管收缩是一种典型的机制，但随着现代研究方法的应用，我们对这一途径的理解不断深入，其细节也经常被揭示出来。RhoA 介导的 Rho 激酶是血管平滑肌细胞的主要调节剂，也是调节这些细胞中其他功能的关键因素。新的相互作用的发现，如氧化应激和硫化氢与 Rho 信号的相互作用，不仅在平滑肌生理学中，而且在血管疾病的病理生理学中也不断出现。同样，最近也考虑了衰老和 Rho 激酶在脉管系统中的相互作用。重要的是，在平滑肌收缩中，该途径也可能受到性激素的影响，因此存在性别差异。本综述概述了介导血管收缩的 Rho 信号，并重点讨论了影响该途径的最新文献主题，如衰老、性别差异和氧化应激。
