Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
Early Hum Dev. 2020 Dec;151:105183. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105183. Epub 2020 Sep 13.
Human and animal research has long documented the negative effects of early traumatic events on long-term development and socioemotional behavior. Yet, how and where the body stores these memories remains unclear. Current theories propose that the brain stores such memory in the subcortical limbic system. However, a clear theory of change with testable hypothesis has yet to emerge.
In this paper, we review the classical Pavlovian conditioning learning tradition, along with its functional variant. Then, we review calming cycle theory, which builds upon the idea that mother/infant learning is distinct from other types of learning, requiring a new set of assumptions in light of functional Pavlovian conditioning.
Calming cycle theory states that learning of behaviors associated with subcortical autonomic physiology is separate and distinct from learning of behaviors associated with cortical physiology. Mother/infant autonomic learning starts in the uterine environment via functional Pavlovian co-conditioning that is stored as conditional reflexes within the dyad's autonomic nervous systems. These reflexes are preserved transnatally as autonomic socioemotional reflexes (ASRs), which can be used to monitor mother-infant relational health. The functional Pavlovian co-conditioning mechanism can be exploited to change the physiological/behavioral reflex response. The theory provides a well established learning mechanism, a theory of change and a method of change, along with a set of hypotheses with which to test the theory. We present evidence from a randomized controlled trial with prematurely born infants and their mothers that supports calming cycle theory.
人类和动物研究长期以来记录了早期创伤事件对长期发展和社会情感行为的负面影响。然而，身体在哪里以及如何储存这些记忆尚不清楚。目前的理论提出，大脑将这些记忆储存在皮质下边缘系统中。然而，一个具有可测试假设的明确变化理论尚未出现。
在本文中，我们回顾了经典的巴甫洛夫条件反射学习传统及其功能变体。然后，我们回顾了平静循环理论，该理论建立在以下观点之上：母婴学习与其他类型的学习不同，需要根据功能巴甫洛夫条件反射提出新的假设。
平静循环理论指出，与皮质自主生理学相关的行为学习与与皮质生理学相关的行为学习是分开的。母婴自主学习始于子宫环境，通过功能巴甫洛夫共同条件反射进行，该反射作为条件反射储存在对偶的自主神经系统中。这些反射作为自主社会情感反射 (ASR) 在跨胎内得到保存，可用于监测母婴关系健康。功能巴甫洛夫共同条件反射机制可用于改变生理/行为反射反应。该理论提供了一个成熟的学习机制、一个变化理论和一种变化方法，以及一组用于检验该理论的假设。我们提出了一项针对早产儿及其母亲的随机对照试验的证据，该证据支持平静循环理论。
