Department of Psychology, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, New York University, NY, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2021 Jan;34(1):66-82. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1825693. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
The appraisal of a stressor substantially influences how we adapt to it. We used an experimental paradigm to test and replicate the effects of threat appraisals on subsequent intrusive memories, as well as their moderation by neuroticism. : In three studies (total = 562), participants were randomly assigned to an aversive or control video and then asked to report their threat appraisals of the video. Intrusive memories were assessed at one, three, five, and seven days. We used a robust framework for testing causal mediational effects and their magnitude, including sensitivity analyses and new effect size metrics. We found that threat appraisals mediated the effect of the video on intrusive memories (studies 1-3), and for people higher in neuroticism, the causal mediational pathway was stronger (study 1 and 2). These findings provide methodologically strong evidence that threat appraisals have causal effects on subsequent intrusive memories and that neuroticism enhances this effect, lending empirical support to appraisal theories of posttraumatic stress disorder.
压力源的评估在很大程度上影响着我们对其的适应程度。我们使用实验范式来测试和复制威胁评估对随后侵入性记忆的影响，以及神经质对其的调节作用。 在三项研究中（总计 562 人），参与者被随机分配观看令人厌恶或控制的视频，然后要求他们报告对视频的威胁评估。侵入性记忆在一天、三天、五天和七天进行评估。我们使用了一个强大的框架来测试因果中介效应及其大小，包括敏感性分析和新的效应大小指标。 我们发现，威胁评估中介了视频对侵入性记忆的影响（研究 1-3），而对于神经质较高的人，因果中介途径更强（研究 1 和 2）。 这些发现提供了具有强大方法学证据，表明威胁评估对随后的侵入性记忆有因果影响，而神经质增强了这种影响，为创伤后应激障碍的评估理论提供了实证支持。
