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在不存在优先参考系的情况下,通过守恒来回应默明的挑战。

Answering Mermin's challenge with conservation per no preferred reference frame.

作者信息

Stuckey W M, Silberstein Michael, McDevitt Timothy, Le T D

机构信息

Department of Physics, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA, 17022, USA.

Department of Philosophy, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA, 17022, USA.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 25;10(1):15771. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72817-7.

Abstract

In 1981, Mermin published a now famous paper titled, "Bringing home the atomic world: Quantum mysteries for anybody" that Feynman called, "One of the most beautiful papers in physics that I know." Therein, he presented the "Mermin device" that illustrates the conundrum of quantum entanglement per the Bell spin states for the "general reader." He then challenged the "physicist reader" to explain the way the device works "in terms meaningful to a general reader struggling with the dilemma raised by the device." Herein, we show how "conservation per no preferred reference frame (NPRF)" answers that challenge. In short, the explicit conservation that obtains for Alice and Bob's Stern-Gerlach spin measurement outcomes in the same reference frame holds only on average in different reference frames, not on a trial-by-trial basis. This conservation is SO(3) invariant in the relevant symmetry plane in real space per the SU(2) invariance of its corresponding Bell spin state in Hilbert space. Since NPRF is also responsible for the postulates of special relativity, and therefore its counterintuitive aspects of time dilation and length contraction, we see that the symmetry group relating non-relativistic quantum mechanics and special relativity via their "mysteries" is the restricted Lorentz group.

摘要

1981年,默明发表了一篇如今颇具名气的论文,题为《把原子世界带回家:面向大众的量子奥秘》,费曼称其为“我所知道的物理学中最优美的论文之一”。在该论文中,他提出了“默明装置”,旨在为“普通读者”阐释基于贝尔自旋态的量子纠缠难题。随后,他向“物理学家读者”发起挑战,要求他们以“对于在该装置所引发的困境中挣扎的普通读者而言有意义的方式”来解释该装置的工作原理。在此,我们将展示“无优先参考系下的守恒(NPRF)”是如何应对这一挑战的。简而言之,在同一参考系中,爱丽丝和鲍勃的斯特恩 - 盖拉赫自旋测量结果所呈现的明确守恒,在不同参考系中仅在平均意义上成立,而非逐次测量都成立。根据其在希尔伯特空间中相应贝尔自旋态的SU(2)不变性,这种守恒在实空间的相关对称平面内是SO(3)不变的。由于NPRF也对狭义相对论的假设负责,进而对其时间膨胀和长度收缩这些违反直觉的方面负责,我们可以看到,通过它们的“奥秘”将非相对论量子力学与狭义相对论联系起来的对称群是受限洛伦兹群。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b65b/7519099/21a887084eb1/41598_2020_72817_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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