Deakin University, IMPACT Institute, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Medicine, IMPACT Institute, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2021 Feb;108(2):165-175. doi: 10.1007/s00223-020-00759-3. Epub 2020 Sep 27.
We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between skeletal muscle density, a proxy measure for fatty infiltration into muscle, and cognition. Contributions from body fat mass, systemic inflammation and lifestyle were explored, as these factors have been identified in both muscle and cognitive deterioration. For 281 men (60-95 year) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, radial and tibial muscle density were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Body fat and appendicular lean mass were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cognitive function was assessed for psychomotor function (DET), visual identification/attention (IDN), visual learning (OCL) and working memory (OBK) (CogState Brief Battery). Composite scores signified overall cognitive function (OCF). Higher scores represent poorer performance except for OCL and OCF. Regression analyses examined associations between muscle density and cognition; potential confounders included age, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), body composition, lifestyle and serum markers of inflammation. Negative associations with age were evident for muscle density, all cognitive domains and OCF. Muscle density at both sites was positively associated with DET, OCL and OCF. After adjustment for age, the association persisted for DET (radius: B = - 0.006, p = 0.02; tibia: B = - 0.003, p = 0.04) and OCL (radius B = + 0.004, p = 0.02; tibia: B = + 0.005, p < 0.001). At the radius, further adjustment for serum TNF-α explained the association between muscle density (B = - 0.002, p = 0.66) and DET. Education and physical activity contributed to the model for radial muscle density and DET. There were no contributions from muscle CSA, appendicular lean mass, body fat mass, other markers of inflammation or other potential confounders. At the tibia, the association between muscle density and DET (B = - 0.003, p = 0.04) was independent of TNF-α. There was an age-adjusted association between muscle density and OCL at both sites (radius: B = + 0.004, p = 0.02; tibia: B = + 0.005, p < 0.001). None of the potential confounders contributed to the models. Muscle density was associated with cognitive function in the DET and OCL domains. However, there was little evidence that this was explained by inflammation or body fat mass. No associations were identified between muscle density and IDN or OBK.
我们旨在研究骨骼肌密度（肌肉脂肪浸润的替代指标）与认知之间的横断面关联。探索了体脂肪量、全身炎症和生活方式的影响，因为这些因素在肌肉和认知恶化中都有体现。在来自 Geelong Osteoporosis Study 的 281 名男性（60-95 岁）中，使用外周定量计算机断层扫描（pQCT）测量桡骨和胫骨的肌肉密度。使用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）测量体脂肪和四肢瘦体重。使用 CogState 简明电池评估认知功能的心理运动功能（DET）、视觉识别/注意力（IDN）、视觉学习（OCL）和工作记忆（OBK）。综合评分代表整体认知功能（OCF）。除了 OCL 和 OCF，较高的分数代表较差的表现。回归分析检查了肌肉密度与认知之间的关联；潜在的混杂因素包括年龄、肌肉横截面积（CSA）、身体成分、生活方式和炎症的血清标志物。肌肉密度与所有认知领域和 OCF 与年龄呈负相关。两个部位的肌肉密度与 DET、OCL 和 OCF 呈正相关。在调整年龄后，DET 的相关性仍然存在（桡骨：B=-0.006，p=0.02；胫骨：B=-0.003，p=0.04）和 OCL（桡骨：B=+0.004，p=0.02；胫骨：B=+0.005，p<0.001）。在桡骨处，进一步调整血清 TNF-α 可解释肌肉密度（B=-0.002，p=0.66）与 DET 之间的关联。教育和体育活动为桡骨肌肉密度和 DET 模型做出了贡献。肌肉 CSA、四肢瘦体重、体脂肪量、其他炎症标志物或其他潜在混杂因素没有影响。在胫骨处，肌肉密度与 DET（B=-0.003，p=0.04）之间的关联独立于 TNF-α。在两个部位（桡骨：B=+0.004，p=0.02；胫骨：B=+0.005，p<0.001）均存在与 DET 相关的年龄调整后肌肉密度与 OCL 之间的关联。没有潜在的混杂因素对模型有贡献。肌肉密度与 DET 和 OCL 领域的认知功能相关。然而，几乎没有证据表明这是由炎症或体脂肪量解释的。肌肉密度与 IDN 或 OBK 之间没有关联。
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