Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2021 Feb 16;9:173-201. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023220. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Over the last few decades, an increasing number of vertebrate taxa have been identified that undergo programmed genome rearrangement, or programmed DNA loss, during development. In these organisms, the genome of germ cells is often reproducibly different from the genome of all other cells within the body. Although we clearly have not identified all vertebrate taxa that undergo programmed genome loss, the list of species known to undergo loss now represents ∼10% of vertebrate species, including several basally diverging lineages. Recent studies have shed new light on the targets and mechanisms of DNA loss and their association with canonical modes of DNA silencing. Ultimately, expansion of these studies into a larger collection of taxa will aid in reconstructing patterns of shared/independent ancestry of programmed DNA loss in the vertebrate lineage, as well as more recent evolutionary events that have shaped the structure and content of eliminated DNA.
在过去几十年中，越来越多的脊椎动物被鉴定为在发育过程中经历程序性基因组重排或程序性 DNA 丢失。在这些生物中，生殖细胞的基因组通常与体内所有其他细胞的基因组不同。尽管我们显然还没有确定所有经历程序性基因组丢失的脊椎动物，但已知经历丢失的物种列表现在代表了约 10%的脊椎动物物种，包括几个基础分化的谱系。最近的研究揭示了 DNA 丢失的靶标和机制及其与典型 DNA 沉默模式的关联。最终，将这些研究扩展到更大的分类群集合中，将有助于重建程序性 DNA 丢失在脊椎动物谱系中的共享/独立祖先的模式，以及最近影响已消除 DNA 结构和内容的进化事件。
