Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, 27440, Matamoros, COAH, Mexico.
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Valle de México, 56250, Texcoco, CDMX, Mexico.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Nov;52(6):3799-3808. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02418-z. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
The objective was to characterize milk yield and composition from mixed-breed goats kidding in winter and grazing rangelands with 221 (n = 15), 334 (n = 20), or 441 (n = 12) mm of annual rainfall in northern Mexico (22-25°N). Weekly milk yield and composition were recorded and progeny growth performance assessed. Body weight loss during lactation was the highest (6.4 kg) for goats on rangeland with 441 mm of rainfall than goats on 221 mm (1.6 kg), or 334 mm (1.8 kg; P < 0.01). The highest daily milk yield was for goats on 221 mm (498 mL; P < 0.01). There was not an evident peak of lactation and milk yield increased uninterruptedly at the end of lactation. Milk fat was negatively related to milk yield and goats on rangeland with 334 mm had the greatest milk fat content (P < 0.001). Milk protein and lactose content were higher in goats on rangeland with 221 mm (P < 0.01). Goat kids on rangelands with 221 and 441 mm grew faster and were heavier (P < 0.001) at weaning than kids reared in other rangelands. Weaning weight was positively related to milk yield (P < 0.001); but not milk components (P > 0.05). In conclusion, moderate milk yield of mixed-breed goats on rangeland is feasible with parturitions in winter, and milk yield is not affected by reduced annual precipitation in rangelands of northern Mexico. Offspring growth performance depends on maternal milk yield, but not milk composition. Nevertheless, slow growth to weaning of offspring had adverse effects on time to reach adequate market weight.
本研究旨在描述在冬季产羔并在墨西哥北部具有 221(n=15)、334(n=20)或 441(n=12)mm 年降雨量的牧场放牧的杂种山羊的产奶量和组成。每周记录产奶量和组成,并评估后代生长性能。哺乳期体重损失最高(6.4kg)的是降雨量为 441mm 的牧场山羊,高于降雨量为 221mm(1.6kg)或 334mm(1.8kg;P<0.01)的山羊。产奶量最高的是降雨量为 221mm 的山羊(498mL;P<0.01)。没有明显的泌乳高峰,泌乳后期产奶量持续增加。乳脂与产奶量呈负相关,降雨量为 334mm 的牧场山羊乳脂含量最高(P<0.001)。降雨量为 221mm 的牧场山羊的乳蛋白和乳糖含量较高(P<0.01)。在 221 和 441mm 降雨量的牧场中饲养的山羊幼崽在断奶时生长更快、体重更重(P<0.001),而在其他牧场中饲养的山羊幼崽则较轻。断奶体重与产奶量呈正相关(P<0.001);但与乳成分无关(P>0.05)。总之,在冬季产羔的情况下,牧场中杂种山羊的中等产奶量是可行的,而且在墨西哥北部牧场的年降雨量减少的情况下,产奶量不会受到影响。后代的生长性能取决于母羊奶产量,但与奶成分无关。然而,后代到断奶时生长缓慢对达到足够市场体重的时间有不利影响。