Zhu Xiaodan, Lei Xiaoping, Dong Wenbin
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Am J Perinatol. 2022 Apr;39(5):501-512. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1717071. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital defects in infancy; it increases speech and language delays and adversely affects academic achievement and socialemotional development. The risk of hearing loss in premature infants is higher than that in normal newborns, and because of the fragility of the auditory nervous system, it is more vulnerable to different risk factors. The hearing screening guidelines in current use were proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and updated in 2007, but there are no uniform guidelines for hearing screening in preterm infants. This review focuses on the risk factors related to hearing loss in premature infants, hearing screening strategies, and reasons for failure. The aim is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of hearing development in preterm infants to achieve early detection and early intervention. At the same time, attention should be paid to delayed auditory maturation in preterm infants to avoid excessive intervention. KEY POINTS: · Hearing loss is very common in infancy, especially in premature infants.. · Genetic factors, infection, hyperbilirubinemia, drugs, and noise are the main causes.. · We should pay attention to the delayed hearing maturity of premature infants and avoid excessive intervention..
听力损失是婴儿期最常见的先天性缺陷之一；它会增加言语和语言发育迟缓，并对学业成绩和社会情感发展产生不利影响。早产儿听力损失的风险高于正常新生儿，并且由于听觉神经系统的脆弱性，其更容易受到不同风险因素的影响。目前使用的听力筛查指南由美国儿科学会提出并于2007年更新，但对于早产儿的听力筛查尚无统一指南。本综述重点关注与早产儿听力损失相关的风险因素、听力筛查策略及筛查失败的原因。目的是更全面地了解早产儿的听力发育情况，以实现早期发现和早期干预。同时，应注意早产儿听觉成熟延迟的情况，避免过度干预。要点：· 听力损失在婴儿期非常常见，尤其是在早产儿中。· 遗传因素、感染、高胆红素血症、药物和噪音是主要原因。· 我们应注意早产儿听力成熟延迟的情况，避免过度干预。
