Li Jiawei, Guan Xin, Fan Zhimin, Ching Lai-Ming, Li Yan, Wang Xiaojia, Cao Wen-Ming, Liu Dong-Xu
The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 27;12(10):2767. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102767.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Accurate early diagnosis of breast cancer is critical in the management of the disease. Although mammogram screening has been widely used for breast cancer screening, high false-positive and false-negative rates and radiation from mammography have always been a concern. Over the last 20 years, the emergence of "omics" strategies has resulted in significant advances in the search for non-invasive biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis at an early stage. Circulating carcinoma antigens, circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free tumor nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), circulating microRNAs, and circulating extracellular vesicles in the peripheral blood, nipple aspirate fluid, sweat, urine, and tears, as well as volatile organic compounds in the breath, have emerged as potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers to supplement current clinical approaches to earlier detection of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current progress of research in these areas.
乳腺癌是全球女性中最常见的癌症。乳腺癌的准确早期诊断对疾病管理至关重要。尽管乳房X光筛查已广泛用于乳腺癌筛查，但高假阳性和假阴性率以及乳房X光检查的辐射一直令人担忧。在过去20年中，“组学”策略的出现使得在寻找早期乳腺癌诊断的非侵入性生物标志物方面取得了重大进展。外周血、乳头抽吸液、汗液、尿液和泪液中的循环癌抗原、循环肿瘤细胞、循环游离肿瘤核酸（DNA或RNA）、循环微小RNA和循环细胞外囊泡，以及呼出气体中的挥发性有机化合物，已成为潜在的非侵入性诊断生物标志物，以补充当前早期检测乳腺癌的临床方法。在本综述中，我们总结了这些领域的当前研究进展。
