Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia.
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 25;17(19):7030. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197030.
Alcohol consumption has been found to be related to suicidal behavior at the individual and population level, but there is lack of literature reviews on the effect of alcohol policies on suicidal behavior. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the impact of alcohol policies at the population level on suicidal behavior and ideation. We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane DARE, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science electronic databases in March 2019. Papers analyzing alcohol policies limiting alcohol use and studying suicidal behaviors as an outcome measure were included; we identified 19 papers. Although the methods and effect sizes varied substantially in the studies, reducing alcohol often led to reduction in suicidal behavior. Ecological-level studies predominantly investigated the effect of restrictions on alcohol availability and increased cost of alcohol, and the majority presented a reduction in suicides across Western and Eastern Europe, as well as the US. The majority of studies were rated as unclear risk of bias for a number of domains due to a lack of clear reporting. Policies targeting harmful alcohol consumption may contribute towards a reduction in suicidal behavior at the population level.
饮酒与个体和人群的自杀行为有关，但关于酒精政策对自杀行为影响的文献综述却很少。因此，本研究旨在对人群层面的酒精政策对自杀行为和自杀意念的影响进行系统的文献综述。我们于 2019 年 3 月检索了 Cochrane CENTRAL、Cochrane DARE、EMBASE、Medline、ProQuest、PsycINFO、PubMed、SCOPUS 和 Web of Science 电子数据库。纳入了分析限制饮酒的酒精政策并将自杀行为作为结果测量的研究论文；我们共确定了 19 篇论文。尽管研究中的方法和效果大小差异很大，但减少饮酒通常会导致自杀行为减少。在生态层面的研究主要调查了限制酒精供应和提高酒精成本的影响，大多数研究报告称，在西欧、东欧和美国，自杀人数都有所减少。由于缺乏明确的报告，大多数研究因多个领域存在不明确的偏倚风险而被评为不清楚。针对有害饮酒的政策可能有助于减少人群层面的自杀行为。
