移民青少年与东道主青少年和原籍地青少年的行为问题比较：一项纵向研究。
Migrant adolescents' behavioral problems compared to host adolescents and adolescents in their region of origin: a longitudinal study.
机构信息
Mental Health Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 29;20(1):472. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02872-x.
BACKGROUND
Since the 1990s, families from the ecologically hostile mountainous southern areas of Ningxia Province, China, have been migrating to the northern areas of the province. This study compared the prevalence of behavioral problems among migrant adolescents to those among host adolescents (adolescents from the northern areas) and adolescents in the region of origin (adolescents from the southern areas), to determine whether ecological migration is related to adolescent behavioral problems, and possible changes in such problems over time.
METHODS
We used the Children and Adolescents Ecological Migration Survey on Mental Health, administered to 4805 students aged 12-16 years and their parents between 2012 and 2014 (W1), of whom 1753 students and their parents completed the follow-up between 2014 and 2017 (W2). Parents answered questions related to adolescent behavioral problems, main source of family income, parents' desire to reverse migrate, improved standard of living, and parents' educational attainment, while children completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a classroom environment questionnaire.
RESULTS
The prevalence of behavioral problems among the migrant adolescents (28.04%) was significantly higher than among host adolescents (21.59%) or adolescents in the region of origin (24.37%; p < 0.001) at W1. After adjusting for gender and age, parents' work outside the home was the main source of family income (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.13-1.78), and adolescents' learning burden (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06) in school negatively influenced behavioral problems. Strong student-teacher relationships (OR = 0.97,95% CI = 0.94-0.99) and parents who had no intention to move back to the original residence (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52-0.94) exerted a protective effect at W1; at W2, a protective effect was associated with improved living conditions (OR = 0.39-0.55, 95% CI = 0.25-0.84). The extent of behavioral problems among migrant adolescents significantly decreased after two years.
CONCLUSION
Ecological migration will increase children's behavioral problems in the early stage, with various factors influencing the extent of these problems.
背景
自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，中国宁夏南部生态条件恶劣的山区家庭开始向该省北部地区迁移。本研究比较了移民青少年与当地青少年（北部地区青少年）和原籍地区青少年（南部地区青少年）之间的行为问题发生率，以确定生态移民是否与青少年行为问题有关，以及这些问题是否随时间发生变化。
方法
我们使用了 2012 年至 2014 年（W1）期间针对 4805 名 12-16 岁青少年及其父母进行的“儿童青少年生态移民心理健康调查”，其中 1753 名学生及其父母在 2014 年至 2017 年（W2）期间完成了随访。父母回答了与青少年行为问题、家庭主要收入来源、父母移民意愿、生活水平提高以及父母教育程度相关的问题，而孩子们则完成了艾森克人格问卷和课堂环境问卷。
结果
在 W1 时，移民青少年（28.04%）的行为问题发生率明显高于当地青少年（21.59%）或原籍地区青少年（24.37%；p<0.001）。在调整性别和年龄后，父母外出工作成为家庭主要收入来源（OR=1.42，95%CI=1.13-1.78），而青少年在学校的学习负担（OR=1.04，95%CI=1.01-1.06）则对行为问题产生负面影响。师生关系密切（OR=0.97，95%CI=0.94-0.99）和父母无回迁意愿（OR=0.70，95%CI=0.52-0.94）在 W1 时具有保护作用；在 W2 时，生活条件改善（OR=0.39-0.55，95%CI=0.25-0.84）也具有保护作用。移民青少年的行为问题严重程度在两年后显著下降。
结论
生态移民将在早期阶段增加儿童的行为问题，各种因素影响这些问题的严重程度。
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