An effective device and method for enhanced cell growth in 3D scaffolds: Investigation of cell seeding and proliferation under static and dynamic conditions.

Cell adhesion on 3D-scaffolds is a challenging task to succeed high cell densities and even cell distribution. We aimed to design a 3D-cell Culture Device (3D-CD) for static seeding and cultivation, to be used with any kind of scaffold, limiting cell loss and facilitating nutrient supply. 3D printing technology was used for both scaffold and device fabrication. Apart from testing the device, the purpose of this study was to assess and compare static and dynamic seeding and cultivation methods, of wet and dry scaffolds, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and their effects on parameters such as cell seeding efficiency, cell distribution and cell proliferation. Human adipose tissue was harvested and cultured in 3D-printed poly(epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds. Micro-CT scans were performed and projection images were reconstructed into cross section images. We created 3D images to visualize cell distribution and orientation inside the scaffolds. The group of prewetted scaffolds was the most favorable to cell attachment. The 3D-cell Culture Device (3D-CD) enhanced cell seeding efficiency with almost no cell loss. We suggest that the most favorable outcome can be produced with static seeding in the device for 24 h, followed either by static cultivation in the same device or by dynamic cultivation.