Sørensen G
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1987;11(1):9-21. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(87)90027-3.
This investigation was originally conceived as a further development of studies made with the "amphetamine model" of psychosis. Since amphetamine itself seemed to be the most important flaw in this model, it was judged promising to study abnormal behaviour in animals elicited without the use of drugs. Bank voles were placed in two different cage milieux, a restricted milieu approaching usual laboratory conditions for experimental animals, and an enriched milieu offering opportunities for satisfaction of natural behavioural (ethological) needs. During an experimental period of 6 months normal behaviours (known from the ethogram of the bank vole) and abnormal behaviours were recorded in eight 5-min observation periods of each cage. Social structure (hierarchy) was studied by the intruder method and social function (peaceful or tyrannic hierarchy) by inspection of the subordinate voles for wounds. Stereotypies, hyperaggressive behaviour and tyrannic hierarchy, replacing normal behaviour and social structure, were seen frequently in the restricted milieu, but only occasionally in the enriched milieu (differences highly significant). It is concluded that these findings indicate possibilities for further development of the basic studies of abnormal behaviour made by means of the "amphetamine model" of psychosis. Opportunities exist for investigation of the interaction of milieu factors with genetic, pharmacological and other factors relevant to the development, prevention and treatment of abnormal behaviour and mental disease.
本研究最初被设想为对使用精神病“安非他明模型”所做研究的进一步拓展。由于安非他明本身似乎是该模型中最重要的缺陷，因此研究在不使用药物的情况下诱发动物异常行为被认为是有前景的。将小林姬鼠置于两种不同的笼内环境中，一种是接近实验动物常规实验室条件的受限环境，另一种是能满足其自然行为（行为学）需求的丰富环境。在为期6个月的实验期间，在每个笼子的8个5分钟观察时段内记录正常行为（从小林姬鼠行为图谱可知）和异常行为。通过入侵者法研究社会结构（等级制度），通过检查从属小林姬鼠的伤口来研究社会功能（和平或暴虐等级制度）。在受限环境中经常出现刻板行为、过度攻击行为和暴虐等级制度，取代了正常行为和社会结构，但在丰富环境中仅偶尔出现（差异非常显著）。得出的结论是，这些发现表明通过精神病“安非他明模型”进行异常行为基础研究有进一步发展的可能性。存在研究环境因素与遗传、药理学及其他与异常行为和精神疾病的发生、预防及治疗相关因素之间相互作用的机会。
