Odberg F O
State University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Livestock Production, Heidestraat 19, B-9220 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Behav Processes. 1987 Apr;14(2):155-73. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(87)90042-8.
Bank voles were bred and lived in 4 different environments: small barren cages (SB), small enriched cages (SR), big barren cages (BB) and big enriched ones (BR). Ten different behaviours were recorded at the age of 30, 45, 60, 61, 75 and 90 days. Between day 60 and 61, within each experimental environment, the group of voles performing stereotypies (ST) and the group of those which did not (NST) were each split in two, one part being transferred to a new environment, the other remaining in the same as control. For each of the 10 behaviours, differences between the 4 environments and therein differences between the ST and the NST animals and between the age groups were analysed with a split-plot ANOVA. The results indicated that enrichment is more determinant than cage size, as more voles developed stereotypies in SB and BB than in SR and BR. Improving the environment after day 60 inhibited the stereotypies in most ST animals, while smaller and/or barren environments elicited them in very few NST. ST voles performed significantly more rearing and walking-sniffing and showed significantly less immobility than NST ones. These differences remained linked to the ST/NST status when an animal reversed it after day 60. Within different environments, some individuals are more prone to react actively to frustration, including the development of stereotypies. The performance of stereotypies is associated with a more general behavioural activation.
河岸田鼠在4种不同环境中饲养和生活：小型贫瘠笼子（SB）、小型丰富笼子（SR）、大型贫瘠笼子（BB）和大型丰富笼子（BR）。在30、45、60、61、75和90日龄时记录了10种不同行为。在60日龄至61日龄之间，在每个实验环境中，表现出刻板行为（ST）的田鼠组和未表现出刻板行为（NST）的田鼠组各自被分成两组，一组被转移到新环境中，另一组作为对照组留在原环境中。对于10种行为中的每一种，使用裂区方差分析来分析4种环境之间的差异，以及其中ST和NST动物之间以及年龄组之间的差异。结果表明，丰富程度比笼子大小更具决定性，因为在SB和BB中比在SR和BR中有更多田鼠出现刻板行为。60日龄后改善环境抑制了大多数ST动物的刻板行为，而较小和/或贫瘠的环境在极少数NST动物中引发了刻板行为。ST田鼠比NST田鼠表现出更多的直立和行走嗅闻行为，且静止行为显著更少。当动物在60日龄后改变其ST/NST状态时，这些差异仍然与ST/NST状态相关。在不同环境中，一些个体更容易对挫折做出积极反应，包括出现刻板行为。刻板行为的表现与更普遍的行为激活有关。
