Rugman-Jones Paul F, Au Michelle, Ebrahimi Valeh, Eskalen Akif, Gillett Conrad P D T, Honsberger David, Husein Deena, Wright Mark G, Yousuf Fazila, Stouthamer Richard
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
Department of Plant & Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, United States of America.
PeerJ. 2020 Sep 17;8:e9987. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9987. eCollection 2020.
The cryptic species that make up the species complex can be readily distinguished via their DNA sequences. Until recently, it was believed that the Hawaiian Islands had been invaded by only one of these cryptic species, (tea shot hole borer; TSHB). However, following the 2016 deposition of a DNA sequence in the public repository GenBank, it became evident that another species, (polyphagous shot hole borer; PSHB), had been detected in macadamia orchards on Hawai'i Island (the Big Island). We surveyed the two most-populous islands of Hawai'i, Big Island and O'ahu, and herein confirm that populations of TSHB and PSHB are established on both. Beetles were collected using a variety of techniques in macadamia orchards and natural areas. Individual specimens were identified to species using a high-resolution melt assay, described herein and validated by subsequent sequencing of specimens. It remains unclear how long each species has been present in the state, and while neither is currently recognized as causing serious economic or ecological damage in Hawai'i, the similarity of the newly-confirmed PSHB population to other damaging invasive PSHB populations around the world is discussed. Although the invasive PSHB populations in Hawai'i and California likely have different geographic origins within the beetle's native range, they share identical and fungal symbionts, neither of which have been isolated from PSHB in that native range.
构成该物种复合体的隐存种可以通过它们的DNA序列轻易区分开来。直到最近，人们一直认为夏威夷群岛只受到了这些隐存种之一——茶小蠹（TSHB）的入侵。然而，在2016年一条DNA序列被存入公共数据库GenBank之后，很明显另一个物种——多食小蠹（PSHB）在夏威夷岛（大岛）的澳洲坚果果园中被发现。我们对夏威夷人口最多的两个岛屿——大岛和瓦胡岛进行了调查，并在此确认TSHB和PSHB的种群在这两个岛屿上均已建立。在澳洲坚果果园和自然区域使用多种技术收集甲虫。使用本文所述的高分辨率熔解分析法将单个标本鉴定到物种，并通过随后对标本的测序进行验证。目前尚不清楚每个物种在该州存在了多长时间，虽然目前在夏威夷这两个物种都未被认为会造成严重的经济或生态破坏，但本文讨论了新确认的PSHB种群与世界其他具有破坏性的入侵性PSHB种群的相似性。尽管夏威夷和加利福尼亚的入侵性PSHB种群在甲虫的原生范围内可能有不同的地理起源，但它们共享相同的 和 真菌共生体，而在其原生范围内均未从PSHB中分离出这两种共生体。
