Department of Psychology-Wilhelm Wundt, University of Leipzig.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2021 Mar;47(3):455-465. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000952. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Studies have demonstrated that listeners can retain detailed voice-specific acoustic information about spoken words in memory. A central question is when such information influences lexical processing. According to episodic models of the mental lexicon, voice-specific details influence word recognition immediately during online speech perception. Another view, the Time-Course Hypothesis, claims that voice-specific details influence word recognition only when processing is slow and effortful. The present study investigates the latter proposal by employing reaction time (RT)-distributional analyses. A long-term repetition priming experiment was conducted using an auditory lexical-decision task. In 2 blocks, participants made speeded responses to existing and nonexisting spoken words. In the second block, stimuli consisted of items that had not been presented in the first block and of items that were either repeated in the same voice or in a different voice. Ex-Gaussian and Vincentile analyses of the RT distributions in the second block revealed that voice-specific priming is reflected in distributional shifting rather than in distributional skewing. This indicates that voice-specific priming is not limited to very slow responses but that it affects both fast and slow responses. This finding is inconsistent with a strict version of the Time-Course Hypothesis, which claims that voice-specific priming occurs only during offline processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
研究表明，听众可以在记忆中保留有关口语单词的详细声音特定的声学信息。一个核心问题是这种信息何时会影响词汇处理。根据心理词汇的情景模型，声音特定的细节会在在线语音感知过程中立即影响单词识别。另一种观点，即时间历程假说，声称只有在处理速度慢且费力时，声音特定的细节才会影响单词识别。本研究通过使用反应时（RT）-分布分析来调查后一种建议。使用听觉词汇决策任务进行了长期重复启动实验。在 2 个块中，参与者对现有和不存在的口语单词做出快速反应。在第二个块中，刺激由在第一个块中未呈现的项目以及在相同声音或不同声音中重复的项目组成。对第二个块中的 RT 分布进行的 Ex-Gaussian 和 Vincentile 分析表明，声音特定的启动反映在分布转移而不是分布倾斜上。这表明声音特定的启动不仅限于非常慢的反应，而且还会影响快速和慢速反应。这一发现与时间历程假说的严格版本不一致，该假说声称声音特定的启动仅发生在离线处理期间。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
