Luce P A, Lyons E A
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1998 Jul;26(4):708-15. doi: 10.3758/bf03211391.
Many theories of spoken word recognition assume that lexical items are stored in memory as abstract representations. However, recent research (e.g., Goldinger, 1996) has suggested that representations of spoken words in memory are veridical exemplars that encode specific information, such as characteristics of the talker's voice. If representations are exemplar based, effects of stimulus variation such as that arising from changes in the identity of the talker may have an effect on identification of and memory for spoken words. This prediction was examined for an implicit and explicit task (lexical decision and recognition, respectively). Comparable amounts of repetition priming in lexical decision were found for repeated words, regardless of whether the repetitions were in the same or in different voices. However, reaction times in the recognition task were faster if the repetition was in the same voice. These results suggest a role for both abstract and specific representations in models of spoken word recognition.
许多口语单词识别理论认为，词汇项在记忆中是以抽象表征的形式存储的。然而，最近的研究（如戈尔丁格，1996年）表明，记忆中口语单词的表征是如实的范例，这些范例编码了特定信息，比如说话者声音的特征。如果表征是基于范例的，那么诸如说话者身份变化所引起的刺激变化效应可能会对口语单词的识别和记忆产生影响。针对一项隐性任务和一项显性任务（分别为词汇判断和识别）对这一预测进行了检验。对于重复的单词，无论重复的声音是否相同，在词汇判断中都发现了相当数量的重复启动效应。然而，如果重复是用相同的声音，识别任务中的反应时间会更快。这些结果表明，抽象表征和特定表征在口语单词识别模型中都发挥着作用。
