Lee C, Ronald A R
Am J Med. 1987 Jun 26;82(6B):27-34. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90615-2.
The in vitro spectrum and potency of norfloxacin against both aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, its limited activity against anaerobes, and the apparent difficulty organisms have in acquiring resistance to it, have provided a rationale for the clinical development of this oral fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. The clinical experience with norfloxacin as treatment for a variety of urinary tract infection syndromes, uncomplicated gonococcal infection, and diarrheal disease, and as prophylaxis of infection in neutropenic patients with cancer, is reviewed. Norfloxacin appears at least equivalent to standard regimens for the treatment of acute urinary tract infections; however, long-term studies are needed to define its role in the treatment of recurrent urinary infections. Initial studies of norfloxacin treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infection and bacterial gastroenteritis are also promising, and in neutropenic patients, continuous norfloxacin prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the incidence of gram-negative infections. Further prospective evaluation is required to confirm these findings.
诺氟沙星对需氧革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的体外抗菌谱及效力、其对厌氧菌的有限活性，以及微生物对其产生耐药性的明显困难，为这种口服氟喹诺酮类抗菌剂的临床开发提供了理论依据。本文综述了诺氟沙星用于治疗各种尿路感染综合征、单纯性淋菌感染和腹泻病，以及作为癌症中性粒细胞减少患者感染预防用药的临床经验。诺氟沙星在治疗急性尿路感染方面似乎至少等同于标准治疗方案；然而，需要进行长期研究以确定其在复发性尿路感染治疗中的作用。诺氟沙星治疗单纯性淋菌感染和细菌性胃肠炎的初步研究也很有前景，并且在中性粒细胞减少患者中，持续使用诺氟沙星预防已被证明可降低革兰氏阴性菌感染的发生率。需要进一步的前瞻性评估来证实这些发现。
