Holmes B, Brogden R N, Richards D M
Drugs. 1985 Dec;30(6):482-513. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198530060-00003.
Norfloxacin is one of the new 4-quinolone antibacterial agents. A fluorinated piperazinyl-substituted congener of nalidixic acid, it demonstrates a much wider in vitro antibacterial spectrum and greater potency than the parent compound. Its antibacterial activity against most Gram-negative pathogens is enhanced in comparison to nalidixic acid, but is similar to that of some of the other new 4-quinolones like enoxacin, and slightly less than that of ciprofloxacin. Unlike nalidixic acid, norfloxacin is also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Gram-positive organisms. In acute or uncomplicated urinary tract infections, norfloxacin has repeatedly been shown to be as effective as co-trimoxazole. Single studies have demonstrated a significantly better bacteriological cure rate with norfloxacin than with pipemidic acid, and similar cure rates with norfloxacin and both a nalidixic acid/sodium citrate mixture and amoxycillin. Similar results were found in a few studies comparing norfloxacin to pipemidic acid or amoxycillin in patients with chronic and/or complicated urinary tract infections. Norfloxacin is as effective as spectinomycin in gonorrhoea due to penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, and cures bacterial gastroenteritis caused by several gastrointestinal pathogens. Norfloxacin appears to be well tolerated and may have a low propensity to select for bacterial resistance during clinical use, although the latter needs further confirmation.
诺氟沙星是新型4-喹诺酮类抗菌剂之一。它是萘啶酸的一种氟化哌嗪基取代的同类物，其体外抗菌谱比母体化合物宽得多，效力也更强。与萘啶酸相比，它对大多数革兰氏阴性病原体的抗菌活性有所增强，但与依诺沙星等其他一些新型4-喹诺酮类药物相似，略低于环丙沙星。与萘啶酸不同，诺氟沙星对铜绿假单胞菌和一些革兰氏阳性菌也有活性。在急性或非复杂性尿路感染中，诺氟沙星已多次被证明与复方新诺明疗效相当。单项研究表明，诺氟沙星的细菌学治愈率明显高于吡哌酸，与萘啶酸/柠檬酸钠混合物及阿莫西林的治愈率相似。在一些比较诺氟沙星与吡哌酸或阿莫西林治疗慢性和/或复杂性尿路感染患者的研究中也发现了类似结果。对于由耐青霉素淋病奈瑟菌引起的淋病，诺氟沙星与壮观霉素疗效相当，并且能治愈由多种胃肠道病原体引起的细菌性肠胃炎。诺氟沙星似乎耐受性良好，在临床使用期间产生细菌耐药性的倾向可能较低，不过这一点尚需进一步证实。
