Li Jun, Aidlin Harari Ofer, Doss Anna-Louise, Walling Linda L, Atkinson Peter W, Morin Shai, Tabashnik Bruce E
Department of Statistics University of California Riverside CA USA.
Department of Entomology Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel.
Evol Appl. 2020 Jun 19;13(9):2392-2403. doi: 10.1111/eva.13032. eCollection 2020 Oct.
Gene drives based on CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to reduce the enormous harm inflicted by crop pests and insect vectors of human disease, as well as to bolster valued species. In contrast with extensive empirical and theoretical studies in diploid organisms, little is known about CRISPR gene drive in haplodiploids, despite their immense global impacts as pollinators, pests, natural enemies of pests, and invasive species in native habitats. Here, we analyze mathematical models demonstrating that, in principle, CRISPR homing gene drive can work in haplodiploids, as well as at sex-linked loci in diploids. However, relative to diploids, conditions favoring the spread of alleles deleterious to haplodiploid pests by CRISPR gene drive are narrower, the spread is slower, and resistance to the drive evolves faster. By contrast, the spread of alleles that impose little fitness cost or boost fitness was not greatly hindered in haplodiploids relative to diploids. Therefore, altering traits to minimize damage caused by harmful haplodiploids, such as interfering with transmission of plant pathogens, may be more likely to succeed than control efforts based on introducing traits that reduce pest fitness. Enhancing fitness of beneficial haplodiploids with CRISPR gene drive is also promising.
基于CRISPR/Cas9的基因驱动有潜力减少农作物害虫和人类疾病昆虫传播媒介造成的巨大危害，同时也能增强有价值的物种。与在二倍体生物中进行的广泛实证研究和理论研究不同，对于单倍二倍体中的CRISPR基因驱动我们知之甚少，尽管它们作为传粉者、害虫、害虫天敌以及本地栖息地中的入侵物种，在全球范围内有着巨大影响。在此，我们分析了数学模型，结果表明，原则上CRISPR归巢基因驱动在单倍二倍体以及二倍体的性连锁位点上都能起作用。然而，相对于二倍体而言，通过CRISPR基因驱动使对单倍二倍体害虫有害的等位基因得以传播的条件更为狭窄，传播速度更慢，并且对该驱动的抗性进化得更快。相比之下，相对于二倍体，那些几乎不造成适合度代价或能提高适合度的等位基因的传播在单倍二倍体中并未受到太大阻碍。因此，改变性状以尽量减少有害单倍二倍体造成的损害，比如干扰植物病原体的传播，可能比基于引入降低害虫适合度的性状的控制措施更有可能成功。利用CRISPR基因驱动提高有益单倍二倍体的适合度也很有前景。
