Gawryluk Adam, Wyłupek Teresa, Wolański Paweł
Department of Grassland and Landscape Shaping Faculty of Agrobioengineering University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland.
Department of Agroecology and Landscape Architecture Faculty of Biology and Agriculture Rzeszów University Rzeszów Poland.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Aug 31;10(18):9841-9852. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6627. eCollection 2020 Sep.
It was assumed in the study that heavy metals occurring in soils and the air accumulate in grasses constituting the main species used in the turfing of soil in road verges and embankments along traffic routes and in other parts of urbanized areas. The aim of the present study was to assess the bioaccumulation of Cu, Pb, and Zn in three selected lawn cultivars of five grass species and in the soil of the roadside green belt in terms of soil properties and heavy metal uptake by plants in the aspect of determining their usefulness in protecting the soils from contamination caused by motor vehicle traffic. Samples of the plant material and soil were collected for chemical analysis in the autumn of 2018 (October) on the embankment along National Road No. 17 between Piaski and Łopiennik (Poland), where 15 lawn cultivars of five grass species had been sown 2 years earlier. During the study, Cu, Pb, and Zn levels were determined in the aboveground biomass of the grasses under study and in the soil beneath these grasses (the 0-20 cm layer). All the grass species under study can thus be regarded as accumulators of Cu and Zn because the levels of these elements in the aboveground biomass of the grasses were higher than in the soil beneath these grasses. The present study demonstrates that the grasses can accumulate a large amount of Cu and Zn from soils and transfer it to the aboveground biomass. Tested species of grasses are not a higher bioaccumulators for Pb. The best grass species for the sowing of roadsides embankment, with the highest BCF values for the studied metals, is (Taya variety).
该研究假定，土壤和空气中存在的重金属会在构成道路边缘、交通沿线路堤以及城市化地区其他地方土壤草皮主要物种的草类中积累。本研究的目的是根据土壤性质以及植物对重金属的吸收情况，评估五种草类的三个选定草坪品种以及路边绿化带土壤中铜、铅和锌的生物累积情况，以确定它们在保护土壤免受机动车交通污染方面的作用。2018年秋季（10月），在波兰皮亚斯基和洛皮恩尼克之间17号国道沿线的路堤上采集了植物材料和土壤样本用于化学分析，两年前这里播种了五种草类的15个草坪品种。在研究过程中，测定了所研究草类地上生物量以及这些草类下方土壤（0 - 20厘米层）中的铜、铅和锌含量。因此，所有所研究的草类都可被视为铜和锌的累积者，因为这些元素在草类地上生物量中的含量高于其下方土壤中的含量。本研究表明，草类能够从土壤中积累大量的铜和锌并将其转移到地上生物量中。所测试的草类品种对铅的生物累积能力并不更强。用于路边路堤播种的最佳草类品种，在所研究金属中生物浓缩系数值最高的是（塔亚品种）。
