Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
J Sci Food Agric. 2021 Apr;101(6):2312-2318. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10852. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
The prolonged use of traditional moldboard ploughing often results in soil degradation and, ultimately, has an impact on national food security. Therefore, the implementation of resource-saving technologies (minimal and No-till) is a promising approach in the development of agriculture, especially in drought regions. The present study reports the results of long-term research on the effect of various tillage methods (moldboard ploughing, minimal tillage and No-till technique) on the nitrogen content of Haplic Chernozem of the European part of Southern Russia. The revealed regularities can be used as a theoretical basis for the effective use of resource-saving technologies, including No-till, in the zone of insufficient moisture.
Long-term (59 years) cultivation of winter wheat using traditional moldboard ploughing has decreased the soil organic material (SOM) by 35% and total nitrogen by 32% in the soil. Minimization of tillage, in contrast, recovers the nitrogen potential of the soil in winter wheat agrocenoses. There is a statistically confirmed dependence of the content of SOM and total nitrogen on the tillage method of the upper soil horizon, with no significant effect of the tillage methods on intensity ammonification and nitrification. However, the content of nitrate-nitrogen during resource-saving tillage methods (22.8-24.4 mg kg ) was higher than that after ploughing (20.3 mg kg ) during all the years of the study, indicating the higher content of easily mineralizable nitrogen-containing compounds in the soil after minimal tillage.
The use of resource-saving tillage technologies under conditions of insufficient moisture stabilizes the nitrogen content in soil and can improve nitrogen nutrition of plants. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
传统铧式犁深耕的长期使用会导致土壤退化，并最终影响国家粮食安全。因此，实施资源节约型技术（少耕和免耕）是农业发展的一种有前途的方法，特别是在干旱地区。本研究报告了各种耕作方法（铧式犁耕、少耕和免耕技术）对俄罗斯南部欧洲部分黑钙土中氮含量的长期研究结果。所揭示的规律可作为有效利用资源节约型技术（包括免耕）在水分不足地区的理论基础。
长期（59 年）使用传统铧式犁耕作冬小麦使土壤有机物质（SOM）减少了 35%，土壤全氮减少了 32%。相比之下，最小化耕作恢复了冬小麦农业生态系统中土壤的氮潜力。土壤上层土壤耕作方法对 SOM 和全氮含量有统计学上的依赖关系，但耕作方法对强度氨化和硝化没有显著影响。然而，在资源节约型耕作方法（22.8-24.4 mg·kg）下，硝酸盐氮的含量（22.8-24.4 mg·kg）在整个研究期间均高于犁耕后（20.3 mg·kg）的含量，表明免耕后土壤中更容易矿化的含氮化合物含量较高。
在水分不足的条件下使用资源节约型耕作技术可以稳定土壤中的氮含量，并改善植物的氮营养。 © 2020 英国化学学会。
