Gourbault Olivia, Llobat Lola
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA) Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2020 Sep 30;7(4):146. doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040146.
Sarcomas are frequent in dogs and canine species are excellent animal models for studying the human counterpart. However, osteosarcomas are a rare form of sarcoma with high death rates in humans and dogs. miRNAs are small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. The discovery of miRNAs could give a contribute in the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of tumors in animal species, as already in humans. The differentiated expression of miRNAs is a frequent finding in cancers and is related to their pathogenesis in many cases. Most canine and human sarcomas show similar miRNA aberrations. Lower levels of miR-1 and miR-133b in canine osteosarcoma tissues were found to increase tumorigenesis through a higher expression of their target genes MET and MCL1. The overexpression of miR-9 promotes a metastatic phenotype in canine osteosarcomas and its capacity as a prognostic biomarker for the disease is currently being evaluated. MicroRNAs at the 14q32 locus could be used as prognostic biomarkers, since their decreased expression has been associated with poor prognosis in canine and human osteosarcomas. Furthermore, a decreased expression of miR-34a in osteosarcoma tumour cells has been associated with shorter disease-free survival times and its reintroduction as a synthetic prodrug shows good potential as a novel therapeutic target to fight the disease. Circulating miR-214 and miR-126 are significantly increased in a broad-spectrum cancer and have the ability to successfully predict the prognosis of dogs. However, further studies are needed to make the use of miRNAs as biomarkers a common practice.
肉瘤在犬类中很常见，犬科动物是研究人类同类疾病的优秀动物模型。然而，骨肉瘤是一种罕见的肉瘤形式，在人类和犬类中死亡率都很高。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的内源性RNA，可在转录后调节基因表达。miRNA的发现可能有助于动物物种不同类型肿瘤的诊断和预后评估，就像在人类中一样。miRNA的差异表达在癌症中很常见，并且在许多情况下与癌症的发病机制有关。大多数犬类和人类肉瘤显示出相似的miRNA异常。研究发现，犬骨肉瘤组织中miR-1和miR-133b水平较低，通过其靶基因MET和MCL1的高表达促进肿瘤发生。miR-9的过表达促进犬骨肉瘤的转移表型，目前正在评估其作为该疾病预后生物标志物的能力。位于14q32位点的微小RNA可作为预后生物标志物，因为它们的表达降低与犬类和人类骨肉瘤的不良预后相关。此外，骨肉瘤肿瘤细胞中miR-34a表达降低与无病生存期缩短有关，将其作为合成前药重新引入显示出作为对抗该疾病的新型治疗靶点的良好潜力。循环miR-214和miR-126在广谱癌症中显著增加，并且有能力成功预测犬类的预后。然而，需要进一步研究以使将miRNA用作生物标志物成为一种常见做法。
