Carrier Martin
Ber Wiss. 2012 Sep;35(3):239-251. doi: 10.1002/bewi.201201553.
Historical Epistemology: On the Diversity and Change of Epistemic Values in Science. Historical epistemology involves the claim that the system of scientific knowledge is not determined by the observations but is also subject to epistemic requirements that may change in the historical process of doing research. As a result, the system of knowledge is path-dependent in that its shape is contingent on epistemic choices made at certain historical points. I attempt to elaborate this approach by drawing attention to the double role of epistemic values. First, such values create relations of significance and thereby contribute to directing research into certain avenues. Second, they are also important in the process of confirmation in that they entail that certain forms of agreement with the facts are superior and preferable to other such forms. Some epistemic orientations and reorientations can be reconstructed as arising from an interaction with nature, but others are based on commitments to the kind of knowledge we appreciate. The epistemic authority of science is created in large measure by rules of the scientific community that express how to deal with knowledge claims.
论科学中认知价值的多样性与变化。历史认识论主张，科学知识体系并非由观察所决定，而是也受制于在研究的历史进程中可能发生变化的认知要求。因此，知识体系具有路径依赖性，因为其形态取决于在特定历史节点所做出的认知选择。我试图通过关注认知价值的双重作用来阐述这一方法。首先，此类价值创造了重要性的关系，从而有助于将研究引向某些方向。其次，它们在确证过程中也很重要，因为它们意味着与事实的某些形式的相符比其他此类形式更优越、更可取。一些认知取向和重新取向可以被重构为源于与自然的互动，但其他一些则基于对我们所欣赏的那种知识的承诺。科学的认知权威在很大程度上是由科学共同体的规则所塑造的，这些规则表达了如何处理知识主张。
