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作者信息

Kinzel Katherina

机构信息

Universität Wien, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring 1, A-1010 Wien.

出版信息

Ber Wiss. 2012 Jun;35(2):147-162. doi: 10.1002/bewi.201201551.

Abstract

History Without Causality. How Contemporary Historical Epistemology Demarcates Itself From the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge. Contemporary proponents of historical epistemology often try to delimit their enterprise by demarcating it from the sociology of scientific knowledge and other sociologically oriented approaches in the history of science. Their criticism is directed against the use of causal explanations which are deemed to invite reductionism and lead to a totalizing perspective on science. In the present article I want to analyse this line of criticism in what I consider are two paradigmatic works of contemporary historical epistemology: Lorraine Daston's und Peter Galison's Objectivity and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's Toward a History of Epistemic Things. I first present their arguments against the sociological and causal analysis of scientific knowledge and practice and then try to defend sociological work in the history of science against their charges. I will, however, not do so by defending causal explanations directly. Rather, I will show that the arguments against sociological analysis put forward in contemporary historical epistemology, as well as historical epistemology's own models of historical explanation and narration, bear problematic consequences. I argue that Daston, Galison and Rheinberger fail to create productive resonances between macro- and microhistorical perspectives, that they reproduce an internalist picture of scientific knowledge, and finally that Rheinberger's attempt to deconstruct the dichotomy between subject and object leads him to neglect questions about the political dimension of scientific research.

摘要

没有因果关系的历史

当代历史认识论如何与科学知识社会学划清界限。当代历史认识论的支持者常常试图通过将其与科学知识社会学以及科学史中其他以社会学为导向的方法区分开来,来界定他们的事业。他们的批评针对的是因果解释的使用,这种解释被认为会引发还原论,并导致对科学的整体化视角。在本文中,我想在我认为是当代历史认识论的两部典范著作中分析这一批评路线:洛林·达斯顿和彼得·加利森的《客观性》以及汉斯 - 约尔格·莱茵贝格尔的《走向认识论事物的历史》。我首先阐述他们反对对科学知识和实践进行社会学及因果分析的论点,然后试图为科学史中的社会学研究辩护,回应他们的指责。然而,我不会直接为因果解释辩护。相反,我将表明,当代历史认识论中针对社会学分析提出的论点,以及历史认识论自身的历史解释和叙述模式,都带来了有问题的后果。我认为,达斯顿、加利森和莱茵贝格尔未能在宏观历史和微观历史视角之间产生富有成效的共鸣,他们重现了科学知识的内在主义图景,最后,莱茵贝格尔解构主客体二分法的尝试导致他忽视了关于科学研究政治维度的问题。

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