Woodcock Eric A, Zakiniaeiz Yasmin, Morris Evan D, Cosgrove Kelly P
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;175:141-165. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00011-4.
Sex differences are present in psychiatric disorders associated with disrupted dopamine function, and thus, sex differences in dopamine neurobiology may underlie these clinical disparities. In this chapter, we review sex differences in the dopaminergic system with a focus on substance use disorders, especially tobacco smoking, as our exemplar disorder. This chapter is organized into five sections describing sex differences in the dopaminergic system: (1) neurobiology, (2) role of sex hormones, (3) genetic underpinnings, (4) cognitive function, and (5) influence on addiction. In each section, we provide an overview of the topic area, summarize sex differences identified to date, highlight addiction research, especially clinical neuroimaging studies, and suggest avenues for future research.
与多巴胺功能紊乱相关的精神疾病存在性别差异，因此，多巴胺神经生物学中的性别差异可能是这些临床差异的基础。在本章中，我们将综述多巴胺能系统中的性别差异，重点关注物质使用障碍，尤其是吸烟，作为我们的范例疾病。本章分为五个部分，描述多巴胺能系统中的性别差异：（1）神经生物学，（2）性激素的作用，（3）遗传基础，（4）认知功能，以及（5）对成瘾的影响。在每个部分中，我们提供该主题领域的概述，总结迄今为止确定的性别差异，突出成瘾研究，尤其是临床神经影像学研究，并提出未来研究的途径。
