Laboratory of human cell neurophysiology, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosigina str., 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia.
Cerebellum. 2021 Apr;20(2):151-159. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01194-8. Epub 2020 Oct 3.
Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder characterized by a stereotyped pattern of involuntary turning or tilting of the head, often combined with jerky or tremulous movements. Hypotheses for the origin of CD have traditionally focused on the basal ganglia, but the contemporary discussion has considered the potential role of altered cerebellar function. As basal ganglia and the cerebellum largely project to the different thalamic nuclei, alterations in pallidal versus cerebellar output could be reflected in the activity of these thalamic regions. In this study, we analyzed a unique historic database where the single-unit activity of pallidal and cerebellar receiving thalamic nuclei was measured en route to the mesencephalon. We compared the single-unit activity of pallidal and cerebellar receiving thalamic neurons in three groups of CD patients manifesting as pure dystonia, pure jerky head oscillations, and dystonia plus jerky head oscillations. We found that among different CD manifestations, the characteristics of neuronal firing, such as burst versus a single-spike pattern, vary in cerebellar thalamic receiving nuclei. The cerebellar receiving region in patients with jerky oscillations had single-spikes neurons primarily. Wherein the manifestation of CD did not influence pattern distribution in the pallidal receiving thalamic area. We also found increased neuronal firing rate correlated with strength of theta-band neuronal oscillations during muscle contractions associated with dystonia. These results demonstrate that the manifestations of CD, such as pure dystonia, pure jerky head oscillations, or dystonia and jerky head oscillations, determine the thalamic neuronal properties.
颈肌张力障碍 (CD) 是一种运动障碍，其特征是头部出现刻板的不自主转动或倾斜模式，通常伴有急动或震颤运动。CD 的起源假说传统上集中在基底神经节，但当代讨论已经考虑了小脑功能改变的潜在作用。由于基底神经节和小脑主要投射到不同的丘脑核，苍白球与小脑输出的改变可能反映在这些丘脑区域的活动中。在这项研究中，我们分析了一个独特的历史数据库，其中测量了苍白球和小脑接收丘脑核的单个单元活动，以到达中脑。我们比较了三组 CD 患者的苍白球和小脑接收丘脑神经元的单个单元活动，这些患者表现为单纯肌张力障碍、单纯急动性头部震颤和肌张力障碍加急动性头部震颤。我们发现，在不同的 CD 表现中，神经元放电的特征，如爆发与单个尖峰模式，在小脑接收丘脑核中有所不同。表现为急动性震颤的患者的小脑接收区域主要具有单个尖峰神经元。而 CD 的表现并不影响苍白球接收丘脑区域的模式分布。我们还发现，与肌张力障碍相关的肌肉收缩期间，神经元放电率的增加与 theta 波段神经元振荡的强度相关。这些结果表明，CD 的表现，如单纯肌张力障碍、单纯急动性头部震颤或肌张力障碍和急动性头部震颤，决定了丘脑神经元的特性。
