遵守 COVID-19 预防措施：将健康信念模型和广义社会信念应用于概率社区样本。
Adherence to COVID-19 Precautionary Measures: Applying the Health Belief Model and Generalised Social Beliefs to a Probability Community Sample.
机构信息
University of Macau, Macao, China.
出版信息
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2020 Dec;12(4):1205-1223. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12230. Epub 2020 Oct 3.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In the face of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), people's adherence to precautionary behavioral measures (e.g. social distancing) largely influences the effectiveness of those measures in containing the spread of the coronavirus. The present study aims at testing the applicability of the health belief model (HBM) and generalised social beliefs (i.e. social axioms) to explore strategies for promoting adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures.
METHODS
We conducted a telephone survey with a two-step stratified random sampling method and obtained a probability sample of 616 adults in Macao, China (18-87 years old; 60.9% women) in April 2020.
RESULTS
Our participants showed stronger adherence to some COVID-19 precautionary measures (e.g. face mask wearing; 96.4%) but not others (e.g. social distancing; 42.3%). Their adherence to those measures was found to be significantly associated with four HBM factors and two social axioms, after controlling for gender, age, and years of education.
CONCLUSIONS
The HBM and the generalised social beliefs of social cynicism and reward for application can be applied to understanding adherence to precautionary measures against COVID-19. Strategies based on beliefs were proposed to facilitate the promotion of precautionary measures.
摘要
背景
在面对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的全球大流行时，人们对预防性行为措施（如保持社交距离）的遵守程度，在很大程度上影响了这些措施遏制冠状病毒传播的有效性。本研究旨在检验健康信念模型（HBM）和广义社会信念（即社会公理）的适用性，以探索促进遵守 COVID-19 预防措施的策略。
方法
我们采用两步分层随机抽样方法进行了电话调查，于 2020 年 4 月在中国澳门抽取了 616 名成年人（18-87 岁；女性占 60.9%）作为概率样本。
结果
我们的参与者在遵守某些 COVID-19 预防措施（如佩戴口罩；96.4%）方面表现出较强的意愿，但在遵守其他措施（如保持社交距离；42.3%）方面则表现较弱。在控制了性别、年龄和受教育年限等因素后，发现他们对这些措施的遵守程度与 HBM 的四个因素和社会公理中的社会愤世嫉俗和应用回报两个因素显著相关。
结论
HBM 和广义社会信念（包括社会愤世嫉俗和应用回报）可以用来理解对 COVID-19 预防措施的遵守程度。基于信念的策略被提出来促进预防措施的推广。
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