Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Health Systems and Population Health Science, University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2021 Jun 28;55(7):677-685. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab038.
Virus mitigation strategies such as adhering to stay-at-home orders, practicing social distancing, and engaging in personal protective behaviors are central to slowing the spread of COVID-19. This population-based cohort study sought to identify sociodemographic characteristics and Health Belief Model factors that are associated with nonadherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of informing public health messaging campaigns.
An online population-based survey was distributed via social media over an 8-week period from April 13, 2020, to June 8, 2020.
Data were derived from 2,222 adults (57% female; 40% racial/ethnic minorities). Univariate analyses revealed that men, younger aged (18-30 years) and unmarried adults, and noncollege educated individuals had lower levels of perceived threat, control, and knowledge about COVID-19 (p ≤ .001). Multivariable linear regression models further revealed that male gender was significantly associated with reporting lower levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .001), and that higher levels of perceived threat, perceived control, and knowledge about how to keep oneself and others safe from COVID-19 were significantly associated with reporting higher levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .01).
Findings suggest that public health appeals that target men, emphasize individual risk, and provide clear, consistent guidance on what individuals can do to decrease their risk for COVID-19 may be effective in motivating increased mitigation adherence.
遵守居家令、保持社交距离和采取个人防护行为等病毒缓解策略是减缓 COVID-19 传播的核心。本基于人群的队列研究旨在确定与 COVID-19 缓解策略不依从相关的社会人口学特征和健康信念模型因素，以期为公共卫生宣传活动提供信息。
从 2020 年 4 月 13 日至 2020 年 6 月 8 日，通过社交媒体分发了一项基于人群的在线调查。
数据来自 2222 名成年人（57%为女性；40%为少数族裔）。单变量分析显示，男性、年龄较小（18-30 岁）和未婚成年人以及未受过大学教育的成年人对 COVID-19 的感知威胁、控制感和知识水平较低（p ≤.001）。多变量线性回归模型进一步表明，男性性别与报告 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性较低显著相关（p <.001），而感知威胁、感知控制和了解如何保护自己和他人免受 COVID-19 感染的知识水平较高与报告 COVID-19 缓解策略的依从性较高显著相关（p <.01）。
研究结果表明，针对男性的公共卫生呼吁，强调个人风险，并就个人可以采取哪些措施来降低 COVID-19 风险提供明确、一致的指导，可能会有效地激发人们增加缓解策略的依从性。
