Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Vétoquinol France, 70200 Lure, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
Int J Pharm. 2020 Nov 30;590:119904. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119904. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Embryo transfer in cattle is a key issue requiring in vivo production of several mature follicles as opposed to the normal production of only one. In vivo produced embryos can then be transferred to recipient cows for gestation to occur. To obtain a large number of transferable embryos, the superovulation step is crucial. To allow the growth of ovarian follicles, the most commonly used protocol consists of 2 intramuscular injections per day over 4 days of a saline solution of the follicle-stimulating hormone. To reduce workload, technical errors in the injected dose and animal stress, different strategies have been investigated to sustain the release of this hormone over 4 days in 1 or 2 injections. This review introduces the physicochemical properties of the follicle-stimulating hormone and discusses the limitations of marketed products and all the research that has been conducted to overcome these limitations. In particular, the field of subcutaneous administrations, the development of new formulations such as viscous solutions, implants and microspheres and the modification of the structure of the follicle-stimulating hormone are overviewed and discussed.
牛胚胎移植是一个关键问题，需要在体内产生多个成熟卵泡，而不是正常情况下只产生一个。然后可以将体内产生的胚胎转移到受体奶牛体内进行妊娠。为了获得大量可移植的胚胎，超数排卵步骤至关重要。为了促进卵巢卵泡的生长，最常用的方案是在 4 天内每天肌肉注射 2 次卵泡刺激素的生理盐水溶液。为了减少工作量、注射剂量的技术误差和动物应激，已经研究了不同的策略，以在 1 或 2 次注射中维持这种激素在 4 天内的释放。本综述介绍了卵泡刺激素的物理化学性质，并讨论了市售产品的局限性以及为克服这些局限性而进行的所有研究。特别是，本文综述和讨论了皮下给药领域、粘性溶液、植入物和微球等新制剂的开发以及卵泡刺激素结构的修饰。
