Armstrong B K, Holman C D
Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65(2):245-52.
Ultra-violet radiation (UVR) in sunlight is thought to be the main cause of malignant melanoma in lightly-pigmented populations. Individuals with fair skin, fair hair, blue eyes and/or a tendency to burn rather than tan when exposed to the sun are at particularly high risk of melanoma and should be given special attention in primary prevention programmes. Intermittent exposure to the sun, as in recreational exposure, may be a more potent cause of melanoma than more continuous exposure. Primary prevention offers the best prospects for a substantial reduction in mortality from malignant melanoma. However, there is little evidence available to judge the effectiveness of primary prevention of melanoma through reduction of exposure to the sun. Education for reducing exposure to the sun is common in high-risk populations but has never been evaluated adequately. Mortality from melanoma could also possibly be reduced by earlier diagnosis through education or screening of high-risk groups. Regular screening of patients with the familial dysplastic naevus syndrome should reduce their mortality from melanoma.
阳光中的紫外线辐射（UVR）被认为是浅肤色人群患恶性黑色素瘤的主要原因。皮肤白皙、头发金黄、眼睛蓝色和/或暴露于阳光下时容易晒伤而非晒黑的人患黑色素瘤的风险特别高，在初级预防计划中应给予特别关注。如在休闲活动中那样间歇性暴露于阳光下，可能比持续暴露于阳光下更易引发黑色素瘤。初级预防为大幅降低恶性黑色素瘤死亡率提供了最佳前景。然而，几乎没有证据可用于判断通过减少阳光暴露来进行黑色素瘤初级预防的有效性。在高危人群中开展减少阳光暴露的教育很常见，但从未得到充分评估。通过对高危人群进行教育或筛查实现早期诊断，也有可能降低黑色素瘤的死亡率。对家族性发育异常痣综合征患者进行定期筛查应能降低他们因黑色素瘤导致的死亡率。
