Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Canada.
ISR, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, United States.
Addict Behav. 2021 Jan;112:106641. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106641. Epub 2020 Sep 13.
People who smoke tend to report higher levels of psychological distress than those who do not smoke. However, studies suggest that smoking reduces many sub-dimensions of distress, including depressive symptoms. A negative (i.e. depression reducing) effect of smoking on depressive symptoms might be observed in survey panel data only after adjustment for the effect of depressive symptoms on smoking. Results from analyses that make that adjustment are presented within groups jointly defined by race and gender, and for all respondents in a representative sample of the U.S.
Reciprocal effects of smoking and depressive symptoms (DSx) are estimated with dynamic panel models. Data are from the Americans' Changing Lives study which assessed smoking and depressive symptoms five times over 25 years. Additional analyses provide estimates of effect of continuing to smoke versus quitting.
The estimated effect of smoking on DSx after adjustment for the simultaneous effect of DSx on smoking and unobserved confounders is negative among women. The estimated effect among men is not statistically significant, and no race difference is observed.
The tendency for smoking to reduce depressive symptoms among American women is masked in analyses that fail to account for the reciprocal effect of depressive symptoms on smoking.
与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者往往报告更高水平的心理困扰。然而，研究表明，吸烟会减轻许多困扰的子维度，包括抑郁症状。只有在调整抑郁症状对吸烟的影响后，才能在调查面板数据中观察到吸烟对抑郁症状的负（即降低抑郁）影响。在按种族和性别联合定义的组内以及代表性美国样本中的所有受访者中，呈现了进行这种调整的分析结果。
使用动态面板模型估计吸烟和抑郁症状（DSx）的相互影响。数据来自美国生活变化研究，该研究在 25 年内五次评估吸烟和抑郁症状。其他分析提供了继续吸烟与戒烟的效果估计。
调整 DSx 对吸烟的同时影响以及未观察到的混杂因素后，吸烟对 DSx 的估计影响在女性中为负。在男性中的影响不具有统计学意义，也未观察到种族差异。
在未能考虑到抑郁症状对吸烟的相互影响的分析中，吸烟对美国女性抑郁症状的减轻作用被掩盖了。
