Department of Mining, Mining and Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jan 1;277:111422. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111422. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Electrokinetic (EK) by coupling surfactants is an enhanced promising remediation technology to eliminate hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) from low-permeable soils. It is also applied to remediate kerosene-contaminated soils using anionic (SDS) and non-ionic (Tween 80) surfactants at different concentrations. There was negligible removal efficiency (40%) of kerosene during traditional EK without any enhancement technique. In the present study, the application of 0.005M and 0.01M SDS in EK-SDS-1 and EK-SDS-2 improved the removal efficiency to 50 and 55%, respectively towards the anode. Furthermore, the use of Tween 80 in EK-Tw80-1 and EK-Tw80-2 at 0.1 and 1% concentrations was able to raise kerosene removal gradually from 45% to 52% towards the cathode. These findings suggest that higher concentrations of SDS and Tween 80 contribute to the more effective elimination of kerosene. Thus, in EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5 and EK-SDS-Tw80-V2, SDS and Tween 80 were used simultaneously at higher concentrations, which led to 63 and 67% kerosene removal, respectively. Considering the maximum removal in EK-SDS-Tw80-V2, the energy consumption in EK-SDS-Tw80-V2 was 178 KWh/m due to the higher voltage gradient; whereas without increased voltage in EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5, this amount was decreased to 84 KWh/m. It is to be mentioned that the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) played a significant role in minimizing kerosene concentration during the EK process, particularly when combined with surfactants.
电动强化（EK）通过耦合表面活性剂是一种很有前途的修复技术，可以消除低渗透性土壤中的疏水性有机污染物（HOC）。它也被应用于修复受煤油污染的土壤，使用不同浓度的阴离子（SDS）和非离子（吐温 80）表面活性剂。在没有任何增强技术的情况下，传统 EK 对煤油的去除效率（40%）可忽略不计。在本研究中，0.005M 和 0.01M SDS 在 EK-SDS-1 和 EK-SDS-2 中的应用将去除效率分别提高到 50%和 55%，分别向阳极方向。此外，在 EK-Tw80-1 和 EK-Tw80-2 中使用 0.1%和 1%浓度的吐温 80 可以逐渐将煤油的去除率从 45%提高到 52%，朝着阴极方向。这些发现表明 SDS 和吐温 80 的浓度越高，煤油的去除效果越好。因此，在 EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5 和 EK-SDS-Tw80-V2 中，同时使用较高浓度的 SDS 和吐温 80，分别导致 63%和 67%的煤油去除率。考虑到 EK-SDS-Tw80-V2 中最大的去除率，由于较高的电压梯度，EK-SDS-Tw80-V2 的能耗为 178 KWh/m；而在 EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5 中没有增加电压的情况下，这一数值降低到 84 KWh/m。值得注意的是，电动渗透流（EOF）在 EK 过程中减少煤油浓度方面发挥了重要作用，特别是当与表面活性剂结合使用时。
