Huang Zhao-lu, Chen Quan-yuan, Zhou Juan, Xie Mo-han
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2015 May;36(5):1849-55.
The impact of sodium salt on kerosene contaminated soil washing with surfactants was investigated. The results indicated that sodium silicate greatly enhanced the washing efficiency of SDS. Sodium tartrate can largely enhance the washing efficiency of SDBS and Brij35. Sodium salts can enhance the washing efficiency on kerosene contaminated with TX-100. No significant differences were observed between different sodium salts. Sodium salt of humic acid and sodium silicate had similar enhancement on kerosene contaminated soil washing with saponin. Sodium humate can be a better choice since its application can also improve soil quality. The enhancement of sodium silicate on kerosene contaminated soil washing with Tw-80 increased with the increase of Tw-80 dosage. However, the impact of sodium chloride and sodium tartrate was opposite to sodium silicate. Sodium salts can reduce surface tension and critical micelle concentration of ionic surfactants to enhance the washing. Sodium salts can also reduce re-adsorption of oil to soil with nonionic surfactants to enhance the washing. Kerosene contamination can increase the contact angle of soil, which indicated the increase of hydrophilicity of soil. Washing with surfactants can reduce the hydrophilicitiy of soil according to contact angle measurement, which indicated that kerosene contaminated soil remediation with surfactant can also benefit nutrient and water transportation in the contaminated soil.
研究了钠盐对用表面活性剂洗涤煤油污染土壤的影响。结果表明，硅酸钠大大提高了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的洗涤效率。酒石酸钠能大幅提高十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和月桂醇聚醚-23（Brij35）的洗涤效率。钠盐能提高对TX-100污染煤油的洗涤效率。不同钠盐之间未观察到显著差异。腐植酸钠盐和硅酸钠在用皂角苷洗涤煤油污染土壤时具有相似的增强作用。腐植酸钠可能是更好的选择，因为其应用还能改善土壤质量。硅酸钠对用吐温-80（Tw-80）洗涤煤油污染土壤的增强作用随Tw-80用量的增加而增强。然而，氯化钠和酒石酸钠的影响与硅酸钠相反。钠盐可降低离子型表面活性剂的表面张力和临界胶束浓度以增强洗涤效果。钠盐还可减少非离子型表面活性剂使油重新吸附到土壤上的情况以增强洗涤效果。煤油污染会增加土壤的接触角，这表明土壤亲水性增加。根据接触角测量，用表面活性剂洗涤可降低土壤的亲水性，这表明用表面活性剂修复煤油污染土壤也有利于污染土壤中养分和水分的运输。
