Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2021 Jan;48(1):92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.08.005. Epub 2020 Sep 8.
To describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M), E and their combination (M-E) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f) during nasal stimulation in dogs.
Prospective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.
Beagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3-11.0) kg.
The accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).
Computed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.
Concurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.
描述一种筛前神经阻滞（E）的方法，并比较上颌神经阻滞（M）、E 及其联合阻滞（M-E）对犬鼻刺激时心率（HR）、收缩压（SAP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、舒张压（DAP）和呼吸频率（f）的影响。
前瞻性、双盲、随机、交叉安慰剂对照研究。
比格犬（五具尸体，九只活狗），体重中位数（四分位间距）为 10.5（10.3-11.0）kg。
在尸体上使用计算机断层扫描评估 iohexol 注射（每次 1 毫升）在上颌窦和筛窦孔的准确性。然后，对麻醉犬进行四种双侧治疗，每 1 周间隔一次，注射 1 毫升生理盐水或 2%利多卡因：上颌窦和筛窦孔注射生理盐水（对照组）、上颌窦孔注射利多卡因和筛窦孔注射生理盐水（M）、上颌窦孔注射生理盐水和筛窦孔注射利多卡因（E）和所有窦孔注射利多卡因（M-E）。双侧用棉签刺激鼻前窝，连续记录 HR、SAP、MAP、DAP 和 f。使用 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验比较刺激前后各变量的值。使用 Mann-Whitney U 和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验分析处理间变量的变化（p≤0.05）。
计算机断层扫描显示所有尸体的目标孔周围均有 iohexol 分布。在活狗中，每种处理的刺激后 HR、SAP、MAP、DAP 和 f 均显著增加（p<0.03）。与对照组相比，M-E 中 HR（p=0.019）、SAP、MAP、DAP 和 f 均显著减弱（均 p≤0.001），但并非完全消除。
同时在筛前神经和上颌神经孔注射利多卡因可减轻比格犬鼻刺激时的 HR、动脉压和 f 反应。
