ExpoKids：一种基于 R 的工具，用于描述儿童时期的综合化学暴露特征。
ExpoKids: An R-based tool for characterizing aggregate chemical exposure during childhood.
机构信息
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at US EPA, Office of Children's Health Protection (OCHP), Washington, DC, USA.
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
出版信息
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2021 Mar;31(2):233-247. doi: 10.1038/s41370-020-00265-6. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
BACKGROUND
Aggregate exposure, the combined exposures to a single chemical from all pathways, is a critical children's health issue.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective is to develop a tool to illustrate potential differences in aggregate exposure at various childhood lifestages and the adult lifestage.
METHODS
We developed ExpoKids (an R-based tool) using oral exposure estimates across lifestages generated by US EPA's Exposure Factors Interactive Resource for Scenarios Tool (ExpoFIRST).
RESULTS
ExpoKids is applied to illustrate aggregate oral exposure, for ten media, as average daily doses (ADD) and lifetime average daily doses (LADD) in five graphs organized across seven postnatal childhood lifestages and the adult lifestage. This data visualization tool conveys ExpoFIRST findings, from available exposure data, to highlight the relative contributions of media and lifestages to chemical exposure. To evaluate the effectiveness of ExpoKids, three chemical case examples (di[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate [DEHP], manganese, and endosulfan) were explored. Data available from the published literature and databases for each case example were used to explore research questions regarding media and lifestage contributions to aggregate exposure.
SIGNIFICANCE
These illustrative case examples demonstrate ExpoKids' versatile application to explore a diverse set of children's health risk assessment and management questions by visually depicting specific media and lifestage contributions to aggregate exposure.
背景
总体暴露是指一个人从所有暴露途径中接触到同一种化学物质的综合暴露量，这是一个关键的儿童健康问题。
目的
主要目标是开发一种工具，以说明不同儿童生命阶段和成人生命阶段的总体暴露的潜在差异。
方法
我们使用美国环保署的暴露因素交互式情景工具（ExpoFIRST）生成的跨生命阶段的口服暴露估计值开发了 ExpoKids（一个基于 R 的工具）。
结果
ExpoKids 应用于说明十种介质的总体口服暴露，以五个图表展示平均日剂量（ADD）和终生平均日剂量（LADD），这五个图表组织在七个产后儿童生命阶段和成人生命阶段。此数据可视化工具传达了 ExpoFIRST 的发现，从可用的暴露数据中，突出显示介质和生命阶段对化学暴露的相对贡献。为了评估 ExpoKids 的有效性，探索了三个化学案例（邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯 [DEHP]、锰和硫丹）。每个案例的文献和数据库中可用的数据都用于探索有关介质和生命阶段对总体暴露贡献的研究问题。
意义
这些说明性案例示例展示了 ExpoKids 的多功能应用，通过直观地描绘特定介质和生命阶段对总体暴露的贡献，探索了一组广泛的儿童健康风险评估和管理问题。
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