Drife J O
Drugs. 1987 Jun;33(6):610-22. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198733060-00004.
Spermatogenesis is a complex process which takes about 70 days in the human. Its endocrine control may be affected by various hormones, antihormones or psychotrophic drugs. Cytotoxic agents, or industrial chemicals such as dibromochloropropane, directly affect the germinal epithelium. Sperm maturation may be impaired by alpha-chlorohydrin, antiandrogens, or sulphasalazine, and sperm motility in the female genital tract can be inhibited by vaginal spermicides such as nonoxynol-9 and by propranolol. Drug treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia is disappointing, though gonadotrophins or their releasing hormone are useful in treating gonadotrophin deficiency. As far as contraception is concerned, there is still no suitable 'male pill': combinations of hormonal steroids are not sufficiently effective and gossypol appears to be too toxic.
精子发生是一个复杂的过程，在人类中大约需要70天。其内分泌控制可能会受到各种激素、抗激素或精神营养药物的影响。细胞毒性药物或工业化学品，如二溴氯丙烷，会直接影响生精上皮。精子成熟可能会受到α-氯醇、抗雄激素或柳氮磺胺吡啶的损害，而女性生殖道中的精子活力可被诸如壬苯醇醚-9等阴道杀精剂和普萘洛尔抑制。特发性少精子症的药物治疗效果不佳，不过促性腺激素或其释放激素在治疗促性腺激素缺乏方面是有用的。就避孕而言，目前仍没有合适的“男性避孕药”：激素类固醇组合的效果不够理想，而棉酚似乎毒性过大。
