Gupta Anju, Gairola Shruti, Gupta Nishkarsh
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Department of Onco-Anesthesiology and Palliative Care, DRBRAIRCH, AIIMS, Delhi, India.
J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Apr-Jun;36(2):149-155. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_229_19. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
During the past two decades, a vast number of studies done on rodents and nonhuman primates have implicated general anesthetic exposure of developing brains in producing neurotoxicity leading to various structural and functional neurological abnormalities with cognitive and behavioral deficits later in life. However, it is still unclear whether these findings translate to children and whether single exposure to anesthesia in childhood can have long-term neuro-developmental risks. Considering the fact that a large number of healthy young children are undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia globally, any such potential neurocognitive risk of pediatric anesthesia is a serious public health issue and is therefore important to understand. This review aims to assess the current preclinical and clinical evidence related to anesthetic neurotoxicity.
在过去二十年中，针对啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物开展的大量研究表明，发育中的大脑暴露于全身麻醉剂会产生神经毒性，导致各种结构和功能上的神经异常，并在日后出现认知和行为缺陷。然而，这些研究结果是否适用于儿童，以及儿童期单次接触麻醉剂是否会带来长期的神经发育风险，目前仍不清楚。鉴于全球有大量健康幼儿正在接受全身麻醉下的择期手术，小儿麻醉的任何此类潜在神经认知风险都是一个严重的公共卫生问题，因此有必要加以了解。本综述旨在评估当前与麻醉神经毒性相关的临床前和临床证据。
