Stratmann Greg, Lee Joshua, Sall Jeffrey W, Lee Bradley H, Alvi Rehan S, Shih Jennifer, Rowe Allison M, Ramage Tatiana M, Chang Flora L, Alexander Terri G, Lempert David K, Lin Nan, Siu Kasey H, Elphick Sophie A, Wong Alice, Schnair Caitlin I, Vu Alexander F, Chan John T, Zai Huizhen, Wong Michelle K, Anthony Amanda M, Barbour Kyle C, Ben-Tzur Dana, Kazarian Natalie E, Lee Joyce Y Y, Shen Jay R, Liu Eric, Behniwal Gurbir S, Lammers Cathy R, Quinones Zoel, Aggarwal Anuj, Cedars Elizabeth, Yonelinas Andrew P, Ghetti Simona
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 Sep;39(10):2275-87. doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.134. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Anesthesia in infancy impairs performance in recognition memory tasks in mammalian animals, but it is unknown if this occurs in humans. Successful recognition can be based on stimulus familiarity or recollection of event details. Several brain structures involved in recollection are affected by anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration in animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that anesthesia in infancy impairs recollection later in life in humans and rats. Twenty eight children ages 6-11 who had undergone a procedure requiring general anesthesia before age 1 were compared with 28 age- and gender-matched children who had not undergone anesthesia. Recollection and familiarity were assessed in an object recognition memory test using receiver operator characteristic analysis. In addition, IQ and Child Behavior Checklist scores were assessed. In parallel, thirty three 7-day-old rats were randomized to receive anesthesia or sham anesthesia. Over 10 months, recollection and familiarity were assessed using an odor recognition test. We found that anesthetized children had significantly lower recollection scores and were impaired at recollecting associative information compared with controls. Familiarity, IQ, and Child Behavior Checklist scores were not different between groups. In rats, anesthetized subjects had significantly lower recollection scores than controls while familiarity was unaffected. Rats that had undergone tissue injury during anesthesia had similar recollection indices as rats that had been anesthetized without tissue injury. These findings suggest that general anesthesia in infancy impairs recollection later in life in humans and rats. In rats, this effect is independent of underlying disease or tissue injury.
婴儿期麻醉会损害哺乳动物在识别记忆任务中的表现，但这种情况在人类中是否发生尚不清楚。成功的识别可以基于刺激的熟悉程度或对事件细节的回忆。动物体内，参与回忆的几个脑结构会受到麻醉诱导的神经退行性变的影响。因此，我们假设婴儿期麻醉会损害人类和大鼠日后生活中的回忆能力。将28名在1岁前接受过全身麻醉手术的6-11岁儿童与28名年龄和性别匹配但未接受过麻醉的儿童进行比较。使用受试者操作特征分析在物体识别记忆测试中评估回忆和熟悉程度。此外，还评估了智商和儿童行为检查表得分。同时，将33只7日龄大鼠随机分为接受麻醉或假麻醉组。在10个月的时间里，使用气味识别测试评估回忆和熟悉程度。我们发现，与对照组相比，接受麻醉的儿童回忆得分显著较低，并且在回忆关联信息方面存在障碍。两组之间的熟悉程度、智商和儿童行为检查表得分没有差异。在大鼠中，接受麻醉的受试者回忆得分显著低于对照组，而熟悉程度未受影响。在麻醉期间经历组织损伤的大鼠与未经历组织损伤而接受麻醉的大鼠具有相似的回忆指数。这些发现表明，婴儿期全身麻醉会损害人类和大鼠日后生活中的回忆能力。在大鼠中，这种影响与潜在疾病或组织损伤无关。
