Longhi Giulia, van Sinderen Douwe, Ventura Marco, Turroni Francesca
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Alimentary Pharmabotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 8;11:575072. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575072. eCollection 2020.
Many intestinal bacteria are believed to be involved in various inflammatory and immune processes that influence tumor etiology because of their metabolic properties and their ability to alter the microbiota homeostasis. Although many functions of the microbiota are still unclear, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that the intestinal microbiota is able to modulate carcinogenesis and the response to anticancer therapies, both in the intestinal tract and other body sites. Among the wide variety of gut-colonizing microorganisms, various species belonging to the genus are believed to elicit beneficial effects on human physiology and on the host-immune system. Recent findings, based on preclinical mouse models and on human clinical trials, have demonstrated the impact of gut commensals including bifidobacteria on the efficacy of tumor-targeting immunotherapy. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure, bifidobacteria and other microorganisms have become a promising aid to immunotherapeutic procedures that are currently applied to treat cancer. The present review focuses on strategies to recruit the microbiome in order to enhance anticancer responses and develop therapies aimed at fighting the onset and progression of malignancies.
许多肠道细菌被认为参与了各种炎症和免疫过程，由于它们的代谢特性以及改变微生物群稳态的能力，这些过程会影响肿瘤病因。尽管微生物群的许多功能仍不清楚，但有令人信服的实验证据表明，肠道微生物群能够调节肠道和身体其他部位的致癌作用以及对抗癌治疗的反应。在种类繁多的肠道定植微生物中，属于该属的各种物种被认为对人体生理和宿主免疫系统有有益影响。基于临床前小鼠模型和人体临床试验的最新研究结果表明，包括双歧杆菌在内的肠道共生菌对肿瘤靶向免疫治疗的疗效有影响。尽管潜在的分子机制仍不清楚，但双歧杆菌和其他微生物已成为目前用于治疗癌症的免疫治疗程序的一种有前景的辅助手段。本综述重点关注招募微生物群以增强抗癌反应并开发旨在对抗恶性肿瘤发生和发展的疗法的策略。
