Shaopeng Chen, Changze Cui, Youpeng Qi, Baohong Mi, Meixian Zhang, Chenyue Jiao, Chune Zhu, Xiangyan Wang, Jiang Hu, Bingang Shi, Xueming Ma, Zhidong Zhao, Xiaolan Zhang
Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Linxia Beef Cattle Industry Development Research Institute, Linxia, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jan 17;15:1508468. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1508468. eCollection 2024.
The gut microbiota significantly influences the host's production performance and health status, with different gastrointestinal tissues exhibiting functional diversity reflected in their microbial diversity.
In this study, five adult male Tianzhu white yaks (4.5 years old) were selected and fed under the same nutritional conditions. After the feeding experiment, the yaks were slaughtered, and chyme samples were collected from the rumen, abomasum, jejunum, and colon for 16S rRNA full-length sequencing and volatile fatty acid analysis.
The results showed that the microbial composition and diversity of the rumen and abomasum were similar, with close genetic distances and functional projections. In contrast, the jejunum and colon had distinct microbial compositions and diversity compared to the rumen and abomasum. At the phylum level, the dominant phyla in the rumen, abomasum, and colon were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while in the jejunum, the dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The abundance of Firmicutes differed significantly between the jejunum (87.24%) and the rumen (54.67%), abomasum (67.70%), and colon (65.77%). Similarly, Bacteroidetes showed significant differences between the jejunum (2.21%) and the rumen (36.54%), abomasum (23.81%), and colon (28.12%). At the genus level, and were dominant in both the rumen and abomasum. In the jejunum, Romboutsia and were dominant, while and were the dominant genera in the colon. At the species level, and were dominant in both the rumen and abomasum, while and were unique to the jejunum. and were unique to the colon. KEGG functional prediction of the microbiota indicated that the dominant functions in the rumen, abomasum, colon, and jejunum were amino acid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and membrane transport, respectively, reflecting the digestive functions of these organs. Volatile fatty acid analysis showed that the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the rumen were significantly higher than those in the abomasum, jejunum, and colon ( < 0.05). Among these, the propionic acid concentration in the jejunum was significantly lower than in the abomasum and colon. Additionally, correlation analysis results indicated that acetic acid and butyric acid were significantly positively correlated with the ruminal bacterial community ( < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid concentration was highest in the rumen, decreased to less than one-fifth of the rumen's total volatile fatty acid concentration in the abomasum and jejunum, and then reached a second peak in the colon.
This study explored the microbial composition and differential bacterial genera in the rumen and intestines of Tianzhu white yak, comparing the differences in volatile fatty acid levels and microbial composition and function across different regions. This is important for understanding their gastrointestinal microbiota's spatial heterogeneity.
肠道微生物群对宿主的生产性能和健康状况有显著影响，不同的胃肠道组织在微生物多样性方面表现出功能多样性。
本研究选取5头成年雄性天祝白牦牛（4.5岁），在相同营养条件下饲养。饲养实验结束后，宰杀牦牛，采集瘤胃、皱胃、空肠和结肠的食糜样本，进行16S rRNA全长测序和挥发性脂肪酸分析。
结果表明，瘤胃和皱胃的微生物组成和多样性相似，遗传距离相近且功能预测相似。相比之下，空肠和结肠的微生物组成和多样性与瘤胃和皱胃不同。在门水平上，瘤胃、皱胃和结肠中的优势菌门为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门，而空肠中的优势菌门为厚壁菌门和变形菌门。空肠（87.24%）与瘤胃（54.67%）、皱胃（67.70%）和结肠（65.77%）中厚壁菌门的丰度存在显著差异。同样，拟杆菌门在空肠（2.21%）与瘤胃（36.54%）、皱胃（23.81%）和结肠（28.12%）之间也存在显著差异。在属水平上， 和 在瘤胃和皱胃中均占主导地位。在空肠中，罗姆布茨菌属和 占主导地位，而 和 是结肠中的优势属。在种水平上， 和 在瘤胃和皱胃中均占主导地位，而 和 是空肠特有的。 和 是结肠特有的。微生物群的KEGG功能预测表明，瘤胃、皱胃、结肠和空肠中的主要功能分别是氨基酸代谢、聚糖生物合成与代谢、碳水化合物代谢和膜转运，反映了这些器官的消化功能。挥发性脂肪酸分析表明，瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度显著高于皱胃、空肠和结肠（ ＜0.05）。其中，空肠中丙酸浓度显著低于皱胃和结肠。此外，相关性分析结果表明，乙酸和丁酸与瘤胃细菌群落显著正相关（ ＜0.05）。总挥发性脂肪酸浓度在瘤胃中最高，在皱胃和空肠中降至瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度的五分之一以下，然后在结肠中达到第二个峰值。
本研究探索了天祝白牦牛瘤胃和肠道中的微生物组成及差异细菌属，比较了不同区域挥发性脂肪酸水平以及微生物组成和功能的差异。这对于理解其胃肠道微生物群的空间异质性具有重要意义。
