Serena Gloria, D'Avino Paolo, Fasano Alessio
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2020 Sep 8;7:152. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00152. eCollection 2020.
Gluten related disorders (GRD), which include celiac disease, non-celiac wheat sensitivity and wheat allergy are heterogeneous conditions triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains. Together, their prevalence is estimated to be ~5% in the general population, however, in the last years the number of diagnoses has been rapidly increasing. To this day, the gold standard treatment for these disorders is the complete removal of gluten-containing grains from the diet. Although this therapy results effective in the majority of patients, up to 30% of individuals affected by GRD continue to present persistent symptoms. In addition, gluten-free diet has been shown to have poor nutritional quality and to cause a socio-economic burden in patients' quality of life. In order to respond to these issues, the scientific community has been focusing on finding additional and adjuvant non-dietary therapies. In this review, we focus on two main gluten related disorders, celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. We delineate the actual knowledge about potential treatments and their relative efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical trials.
麸质相关疾病（GRD），包括乳糜泻、非乳糜泻小麦敏感和小麦过敏，是因摄入含麸质谷物引发的异质性病症。总体而言，据估计其在普通人群中的患病率约为5%，然而在过去几年中，诊断病例数一直在迅速增加。时至今日，这些疾病的金标准治疗方法是从饮食中完全去除含麸质谷物。尽管这种疗法在大多数患者中有效，但高达30%的GRD患者仍持续出现症状。此外，无麸质饮食已被证明营养质量较差，并给患者的生活质量带来社会经济负担。为应对这些问题，科学界一直致力于寻找额外的辅助非饮食疗法。在本综述中，我们聚焦于两种主要的麸质相关疾病，即乳糜泻和非乳糜泻小麦敏感。我们阐述了有关潜在治疗方法及其在临床前和临床试验中的相对疗效的实际知识。
